Table 4.
Linear Regression With PWV as the Dependent Variable
| Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted Model 1a | Adjusted Model 2a | Adjusted Model 3a | Adjusted Model 4a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient β (SE) | P Value | Coefficient β (SE) | P Value | Coefficient β (SE) | P Value | Coefficient β (SE) | P Value | Coefficient β (SE) | P Value | |
| Age, y | 0.122 (0.024) | <.001 | 0.121 (0.025) | <.001 | 0.136 (0.022) | <.001 | 0.138 (0.022) | <.001 | 0.127 (0.022) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | –0.025 (0.059) | .668 | –0.110 (0.054) | .040 | –0.074 (0.046) | .103 | –0.077 (0.045) | .091 | –0.074 (0.047) | .113 |
| Office mean BP, mm Hg | 0.009 (0.017) | .581 | 0.019 (0.014) | .178 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 24‐h mean BP, mm Hg | 0.064 (0.018) | <.001 | – | – | 0.076 (0.015) | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Daytime mean BP, mm Hg | 0.061 (0.019) | .001 | – | – | – | – | 0.075 (0.015) | <.001 | – | – |
| Nighttime mean BP, mm Hg | 0.066 (0.017) | <.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.066 (0.015) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 0.028 (0.587) | .962 | 0.172 (0.515) | .738 | 0.102 (0.443) | .818 | 0.108 (0.442) | .807 | 0.118 (0.454) | .796 |
| Former smoking | 0.115 (0.741) | .876 | 0.611 (0.666) | .359 | 0.294 (0.565) | .603 | 0.338 (0.562) | .548 | 0.202 (0.582) | .728 |
| Current smoking | –1.279 (0.574) | .026 | –1.462 (0.498) | .003 | –1.135 (0.422) | .007 | –1.149 (0.420) | .006 | –1.114 (0.432) | .010 |
| OSA (AHI ≥15) | 1.392 (0.503) | .006 | 1.050 (0.468) | .025 | 0.799 (0.407) | .050 | 0.859 (0.405) | .034 | 0.741 (0.419) | .077 |
| Female sex | 0.230 (0.521) | .659 | 0.316 (0.503) | .529 | 0.696 (0.444) | .117 | 0.794 (0.444) | .073 | 0.450 (0.454) | .321 |
| eGFR | –0.025 (0.013) | .051 | –0.004 (0.013) | .788 | 0.011 (0.012) | .382 | 0.009 (0.012) | .474 | 0.012 (0.013) | .327 |
Abbreviations: AHI, apnea‐hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SE, standard error. P values in bold indicate statistical significance.
a
All variables were included simultaneously in adjusted models with the following differences: adjusted model 1: using office mean blood pressure (BP); adjusted model 2: using 24‐hour mean BP; adjusted model 3: using daytime mean BP; and adjusted model 4: using nighttime mean BP.