Table 2.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for all patients, dipper, and non‐dippers
| All patients (n = 99) | Dippers (n = 39) | Extreme dippers (n = 9) | Non‐dippers (n = 35) | Reverse dippers (n = 16) | P ‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMR volumetrics | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 69 ± 9 | 69 ± 8 | 69 ± 8 | 69 ± 9 | 67 ± 9 | |
| Indexed LV mass (g/m2) | 86 ± 23 | 78 ± 15a | 103 ± 29 | 89 ± 25 | 88 ± 27 | a |
| Indexed EDV (mL/m2) | 77 ± 16 | 76 ± 13 | 76 ± 12 | 78 ± 18 | 80 ± 22 | |
| Indexed ESV (mL/m2) | 25 ± 10 | 24 ± 8 | 24 ± 7 | 24 ± 11 | 28 ± 15 | |
| Indexed SV (mL/m2) | 53 ± 9 | 52 ± 8 | 53 ± 9 | 52 ± 10 | 54 ± 11 | |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 2.2 | |
| Mass: Volume ratio (g/mL) | 1.15 ± 0.32 | 1.06 ± 0.24 | 1.37 ± 0.35 | 1.20 ± 0.35 | 1.13 ± 0.34 | |
| Subendocardial LGE n (%) | 8 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 13 | |
| Patterns of LV remodeling/hypertrophy | ||||||
| Normal n (%) | 48 (48) | 24 (62) | 3 (33) | 14 (40) | 7 (44) | |
| Concentric LV remodeling n (%) | 13 (13) | 6 (15) | 0 (0) | 5 (14) | 2 (13) | |
| Concentric LVH n (%) | 24 (24) | 5 (13) | 6 (67)b , c | 10 (29) | 3 (19) | b , c |
| Eccentric LVH n (%) | 14 | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 6 (17) | 4 (25) | |
| Myocardial strain and strain rate | ||||||
| Peak longitudinal strain (%) | −17 ± 3 | −17 ± 3 | −15 ± 4 | −16 ± 3 | −17.3 | |
| Peak circumferential strain (%) | −16 ± 3 | −17 ± 3 | −15 ± 3 | −16 ± 3 | −15 ± 4 | |
EDV, end‐diastolic volume; ESV, end‐systolic volume; LGE, late myocardial gadolinium enhancement (ie, myocardial scar/fibrosis); LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; SV, stroke volume; TPR, total peripheral resistance.
One‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni for post‐hoc multiple comparisons. aDipper vs Extreme Dipper; P < .05. bExtreme Dipper vs Dipper; P < .01. cExtreme Dipper vs Reverse Dipper; P < .05.