Table 3.
Echocardiographic left ventricular and left atrial parameters in the study population
| Daytime and nighttime normotension (n=53) | Isolated daytime hypertension (n=67) | Isolated nighttime hypertension (n=35) | Day‐nighttime hypertension (n=81) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular parameters | |||||
| LVEDD, mm | 48.1±3.5 | 49.0±3.4 | 48.5±3.6 | 49.1±3.7 | .386 |
| LVESD, mm | 30.4±2.9 | 31.0±3.2 | 31.3±3.4 | 31.7±3.6 | .165 |
| IVS, mm | 9.2±1.0 | 10.3±1.2a | 10.2±1.0a | 10.8±1.3a | <.001 |
| RWT | 0.37±0.03 | 0.41±0.04a | 0.41±0.03a | 0.43±0.04a,b,c | <.001 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 75.3±5.6 | 90.8±6.0a | 88.9±6.2a | 96.6±7.9a,b,d | <.001 |
| EF, % | 63±4 | 62±3 | 63±4 | 62±3 | .192 |
| E/e′ | 8.3±1.6 | 10.5±3.1a | 10.0±3.3 | 12.4±3.5 a,b,d | <.001 |
| Left atrial function parameters | |||||
| LAVmax, mL | 51.0±8.7 | 60.0±11.0a | 61.2±12.5a | 63.9±13.6a | <.001 |
| LAVmax/BSA, mL/m2 | 26.7±4.5 | 31.0±5.7a | 31.6±6.4a | 33.2±6.6a | <.001 |
| LAVmin,mL | 19.4±3.0 | 24.0±3.8 | 27.0±4.7 | 29.4±5.3 | <.001e |
| LAVmin/BSA, mL/m2 | 10.1±1.8 | 12.4±2.0a | 13.9±2.5a,f | 15.3±3.4a,b | <.001 |
| LAVpre‐A, mL | 27.7±4.5 | 35.3±6.4 | 41.5±8.2 | 46.7±9.5 | <.001g |
| LAVpre‐A/BSA, mL/m2 | 14.4±2.4 | 18.2±3.4 | 21.4±4.2 | 24.3±4.7 | <.001g |
| LA TotEF, % | 62±6 | 60±6 | 56±5a,b | 54±5a,b | <.001 |
| LA PassEF, % | 47±7 | 41±6 | 32±6 | 27±5 | <.001g |
| LA ActEF, % | 30±5 | 32±5 | 35±6a | 37±6a,b | <.001 |
| LA mechanical parameters | |||||
| Longitudinal strain, % | 37±6 | 35±6 | 33±6a | 31±5a,b | <.001 |
| Systolic strain rate, /s | 1.4±0.3 | 1.3±0.4 | 1.2±0.3a | 1.14±0.3a,b | <.001 |
| Early diastolic strain rate, /s | −1.6±0.4 | −1.5±0.4 | −1.3±0.4a | −1.22±0.3a,b | <.001 |
| Late diastolic strain rate, /s | −1.2±0.3 | −1.4±0.3 | −1.5±0.4h | −1.6±0.4a,f | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ActEF, active emptying fraction; BSA, body surface area; E, early diastolic mitral flow (pulse Doppler); e′, early diastolic flow velocity across the septal segment of mitral (e′) annulus (tissue Doppler); EF, ejection fraction; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LAVmax, maximal left atrial volume; LAVmin, minimal left atrial volume; LAVpre‐A, left atrial volume before atrial contraction; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic dimension; PassEF, passive emptying fraction; RWT, relative wall thickness; TotEF, total emptying fraction.
P<.01 vs daytime and nighttime normotension.
P<.01 vs isolated daytime hypertension.
P <.05 vs isolated nocturnal hypertension.
P<.01 vs isolated nocturnal hypertension.
P<.05 for all comparisons.
P<.05 vs isolated daytime hypertension.
P<.01 for all comparisons.
P<.05 vs daytime and nighttime normotension.