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. 2017 Aug 3;19(11):1096–1104. doi: 10.1111/jch.13066

Table 3.

Echocardiographic left ventricular and left atrial parameters in the study population

Daytime and nighttime normotension (n=53) Isolated daytime hypertension (n=67) Isolated nighttime hypertension (n=35) Day‐nighttime hypertension (n=81) P Value
Left ventricular parameters
LVEDD, mm 48.1±3.5 49.0±3.4 48.5±3.6 49.1±3.7 .386
LVESD, mm 30.4±2.9 31.0±3.2 31.3±3.4 31.7±3.6 .165
IVS, mm 9.2±1.0 10.3±1.2a 10.2±1.0a 10.8±1.3a <.001
RWT 0.37±0.03 0.41±0.04a 0.41±0.03a 0.43±0.04a,b,c <.001
LVMI, g/m2 75.3±5.6 90.8±6.0a 88.9±6.2a 96.6±7.9a,b,d <.001
EF, % 63±4 62±3 63±4 62±3 .192
E/e′ 8.3±1.6 10.5±3.1a 10.0±3.3 12.4±3.5 a,b,d <.001
Left atrial function parameters
LAVmax, mL 51.0±8.7 60.0±11.0a 61.2±12.5a 63.9±13.6a <.001
LAVmax/BSA, mL/m2 26.7±4.5 31.0±5.7a 31.6±6.4a 33.2±6.6a <.001
LAVmin,mL 19.4±3.0 24.0±3.8 27.0±4.7 29.4±5.3 <.001e
LAVmin/BSA, mL/m2 10.1±1.8 12.4±2.0a 13.9±2.5a,f 15.3±3.4a,b <.001
LAVpre‐A, mL 27.7±4.5 35.3±6.4 41.5±8.2 46.7±9.5 <.001g
LAVpre‐A/BSA, mL/m2 14.4±2.4 18.2±3.4 21.4±4.2 24.3±4.7 <.001g
LA TotEF, % 62±6 60±6 56±5a,b 54±5a,b <.001
LA PassEF, % 47±7 41±6 32±6 27±5 <.001g
LA ActEF, % 30±5 32±5 35±6a 37±6a,b <.001
LA mechanical parameters
Longitudinal strain, % 37±6 35±6 33±6a 31±5a,b <.001
Systolic strain rate, /s 1.4±0.3 1.3±0.4 1.2±0.3a 1.14±0.3a,b <.001
Early diastolic strain rate, /s −1.6±0.4 −1.5±0.4 −1.3±0.4a −1.22±0.3a,b <.001
Late diastolic strain rate, /s −1.2±0.3 −1.4±0.3 −1.5±0.4h −1.6±0.4a,f <.001

Abbreviations: ActEF, active emptying fraction; BSA, body surface area; E, early diastolic mitral flow (pulse Doppler); e′, early diastolic flow velocity across the septal segment of mitral (e′) annulus (tissue Doppler); EF, ejection fraction; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LAVmax, maximal left atrial volume; LAVmin, minimal left atrial volume; LAVpre‐A, left atrial volume before atrial contraction; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic dimension; PassEF, passive emptying fraction; RWT, relative wall thickness; TotEF, total emptying fraction.

a

P<.01 vs daytime and nighttime normotension.

b

P<.01 vs isolated daytime hypertension.

c

P <.05 vs isolated nocturnal hypertension.

d

P<.01 vs isolated nocturnal hypertension.

e

P<.05 for all comparisons.

f

P<.05 vs isolated daytime hypertension.

g

P<.01 for all comparisons.

h

P<.05 vs daytime and nighttime normotension.