Table 4.
The association between daytime, nighttime, and day‐nighttime hypertension and impaired 2DE strain (univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis)a
| Univariate | Multivariatea | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Reduced LA total EF | ||||||
| Daytime and nighttime normotension | 1.00 | Referent | – | 1.00 | Referent | – |
| Isolated daytime hypertension | 1.3 | 0.8–9.1 | .141 | 1.1 | 0.6–11.3 | .211 |
| Isolated nighttime hypertension | 2.4 | 1.2–7.4 | .012 | 1.7 | 1.1–8.3 | .033 |
| Daytime and nighttime hypertension | 4.6 | 1.5–12.1 | <.001 | 2.2 | 1.2–8.5 | .010 |
| Reduced LA passive EF | ||||||
| Daytime and nighttime normotension | 1.00 | Referent | – | 1.00 | Referent | – |
| Isolated daytime hypertension | 1.9 | 1.1–7.2 | .026 | 1.2 | 0.7–10.3 | .254 |
| Isolated nighttime hypertension | 3.7 | 1.1–9.6 | .003 | 2.6 | 1.3–9.7 | .011 |
| Daytime and nighttime hypertension | 5.9 | 1.7–13.3 | <.001 | 3.1 | 1.4–10.7 | <.001 |
| Elevated LA active EF | ||||||
| Daytime and nighttime normotension | 1.00 | Referent | – | 1.00 | Referent | – |
| Isolated daytime hypertension | 1.5 | 0.9–10.5 | .203 | 1.3 | 0.8–13.6 | .331 |
| Isolated nighttime hypertension | 1.8 | 0.6–11.9 | .195 | 1.4 | 0.7–10.8 | .227 |
| Daytime and nighttime hypertension | 2.1 | 1.04–8.7 | .022 | 1.8 | 0.5–15.1 | .206 |
| Reduced longitudinal LA strain, % | ||||||
| Daytime and nighttime normotension | 1.00 | Referent | – | 1.00 | Referent | – |
| Isolated daytime hypertension | 0.9 | 0.6–8.8 | .155 | 0.7 | 0.6–14.4 | .181 |
| Isolated nighttime hypertension | 1.7 | 1.1–6.9 | .034 | 1.4 | 0.8–12.1 | .288 |
| Daytime and nighttime hypertension | 1.9 | 1.2–6.3 | .037 | 1.6 | 0.9–16.5 | .103 |
Abbreviations: EF, ejection fraction; LA, left atrial; OR, odds ratio; TDE, two‐dimensional echocardiography.
a
Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, 24‐hour systolic blood pressure, mitral E/e’ ratio, and left ventricular mass index.