Table 1.
Characteristics of the overall study population and of the population divided into tertiles based on para‐perirenal ultrasonographic fat thickness (PUFT)
|
Overall population (n = 296) |
PUFT I (<3.16 cm) |
PUFT II (3.16−3.98 cm) |
PUFT III (>3.98 cm) |
P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 61 ± 12 | 58 ± 13NS | 61 ± 10NS | 65 ± 11*** | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 201 (67.9) | 50 (51.0) | 69 (69.7) | 82 (82.8) | <0.001 |
| Smoke, n (%) | 95 (32.1) | 28 (28.6) | 32 (32.3) | 35 (35.4) | NS |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 105 (35.5) | 25 (25.5) | 36 (36.4) | 44 (44.4) | 0.020 |
| BMI ≥30 Kg/m2 , n (%) | 72 (24.3) | 5 (5.1) | 20 (20.2) | 47 (47.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | 39 (13.2) | 4 (4.1) | 11 (11.1) | 24 (24.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypolipidemic therapy, n (%) | 136 (45.9) | 34 (34.7) | 48 (48.5) | 54 (54.5) | 0.016 |
| Antihypertensive therapy, n (%) | 250 (84.5) | 84 (85.7) | 80 (80.8) | 86 (86.9) | NS |
| Clinic systolic BP (mmHg) | 131 ± 17 | 130 ± 16 | 129 ± 17 | 134 ± 18 | NS |
| Clinic diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77 ± 10 | 79 ± 10 | 76 ± 9 | 78 ± 10 | NS |
| Clinic mean BP (mmHg) | 95 ± 11 | 96 ± 11 | 94 ± 11 | 96 ± 11 | NS |
| Clinic pulse pressure (mmHg) | 53 ± 14 | 51 ± 12NS | 53 ± 13NS | 56 ± 15* | 0.018 |
| Clinic heart rate (beats) | 72 ± 14 | 72 ± 14# | 67 ± 13∆∆∆ | 77 ± 14NS | <0.001 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||||
| Serum glucose (mg/dL) | 116.8 ± 37.1 | 107.3 ± 24.7NS | 112.8 ± 25.4∆∆ | 129.8 ± 50.9*** | <0.001 |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.03 ± 1.45 | 5.82 ± 1.47 | 6.05 ± 1.26 | 6.20 ± 1.60 | NS |
| Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178 ± 43 | 183 ± 43 | 179 ± 46 | 172 ± 41 | NS |
| LDL‐C (mg/dL) | 108 ± 39 | 117 ± 39NS | 108 ± 41NS | 98 ± 36** | 0.004 |
| HDL‐C (mg/dL) | 49 ± 14 | 55 ± 14## | 48 ± 13NS | 44 ± 12*** | <0.001 |
| Serum tryglicerides (mg/dL) | 117 (86−150) | 107 (78−140)# | 115 (88−164)NS | 123 (96−155)** | 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.99 ± 0.38 | 0.85 ± 0.22NS | 0.98 ± 0.28∆∆ | 1.13 ± 0.53*** | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 87.1 ± 26.5 | 96.2 ± 25.5# | 85.7 ± 22.6NS | 79.5 ± 28.6*** | <0.001 |
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 140 ± 3 | 140 ± 3 | 140 ± 3 | 140 ± 3 | NS |
| Serum potassium (mEq/L) | 4.45 ± 0.41 | 4.36 ± 0.35NS | 4.39 ± 0.41 | 4.61 ± 0.43*** | <0.001 |
| Anthropometric measurements | |||||
| Body height (cm) | 168 ± 8 | 166 ± 9NS | 168 ± 8NS | 169 ± 7* | 0.016 |
| Body weight (Kg) | 79.2 ± 14.3 | 70.7 ± 9.4### | 79.9 ± 12.5∆∆∆ | 87.1 ± 15.4*** | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95 ± 11 | 89 ± 9## | 94 ± 9∆∆∆ | 101 ± 12*** | <0.001 |
| WC/H | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.54 ± 0.07NS | 0.56 ± 0.07∆∆ | 0.60 ± 0.07*** | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.1 ± 4.0 | 25.7 ± 2.82### | 28.2 ± 3.55∆∆∆ | 30.3 ± 4.06*** | <0.001 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.89 ± 0.18 | 1.82 ± 0.16# | 1.90 ± 0.17∆∆ | 1.95 ± 0.18*** | <0.001 |
| Ultrasonographic parameters | |||||
| PUFT (cm) | 3.57 ± 0.92 | 2.57 ± 0.46### | 3.55 ± 0.23∆∆∆ | 4.57 ± 0.53*** | <0.001 |
| CR (cm) | 1.84 ± 0.87 | 1.80 ± 0.50 | 1.81 ± 0.41 | 1.91 ± 0.49 | NS |
| RA (cm) | 5.67 ± 1.92 | 4.96 ± 1.88NS | 5.43 ± 1.69∆∆∆ | 6.63 ± 1.81*** | <0.001 |
| RA/CR | 3.14 ± 1.03 | 2.76 ± 0.79NS | 3.06 ± 1.00∆∆∆ | 3.59 ± 1.11*** | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; BSA: body surface area; CR: cutis‐rectis thickness; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL‐C: high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C: low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; PUFT: para‐perirenal ultrasonographic fat thickness; RA: rectis‐aorta thickness; WC/H: waist circumference/body height.
PUFT I vs PUFT II:
PUFT I vs PUFT III: NS P > 0.05.
PUFT II vs PUFT III: NS P > 0.05.
p>0.05.
P ≤ 0.05.
P ≤ 0.01.
P ≤ 0.001.
P ≤ 0.05.
P ≤ 0.01.
P ≤ 0.001.
P ≤ 0.05.
P ≤ 0.01.
P ≤ 0.001.