Table 5.
Association of small for gestational age with beta‐blocker exposure
| Beta‐blocker | SGA <10% | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Unadjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P value |
Adjusted Odds ratioa (95% CI) |
P‐value | ||
| Non‐exposed | 32 488 (8.7%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Any Beta‐blockers | 796 (16.4%) | 2.1 (1.9‐2.2) | <0.001 | 2.6 (2.4‐2.9) | <0.001 |
| Atenolol | 112 (17.6%) | 2.2 (1.8‐2.7) | <0.001 | 2.4 (1.7‐3.3) | <0.001 |
| Labetalol | 590 (17.6%) | 2.2 (2.0‐2.5) | <0.001 | 2.9 (2.6‐3.2) | <0.001 |
| Metoprolol | 35 (10.8%) | 1.3 (0.9‐1.8) | 0.2 | 1.5 (0.9‐2.3) | 0.07 |
| Propranolol | 50 (10.3%) | 1.2 (0.9‐1.6) | 0.25 | 1.3 (0.9‐1.9) | 0.19 |
Small for gestational age defined as <10th percentile.
a
Adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, white race, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, arrhythmia, and renal insufficiency.