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. 2018 Feb 19;20(3):499–507. doi: 10.1111/jch.13226

Table 1.

Participants' characteristics

Variables Total (445) Men (254, 57.1%) Women (191, 42.9%) P‐values
Age, year 54.0 ± 13.0 51.5 ± 12.4 57.4 ± 13.0 <.001
Smoker, n (%) 268 (60.4) 170 (67.2) 98 (51.3) .001
Body mass index, kg/m2 27.8 ± 4.5 28.4 ± 3.9 27.1 ± 5.0 .002
Intima‐media thickness, μm 709.2 ± 144.0 694.9 ± 144.6 728.2 ± 141.4 .02
Carotid cross‐sectional area, mm2 14.8 ± 4.1 14.8 ± 4.3 14.7 ± 3.8 .78
Diseases and therapies
Hypertensiona, n (%) 359 (80.7) 211 (83.1) 148 (77.5) .14
Anti‐hypertensive, n (%) 206 (57.4) 110 (52.1) 96 (64.9) .02
Coronary heart disease, n (%) 12 (2.7) 10 (3.9) 2 (1.1) .12
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 26 (5.8) 18 (7.1) 8 (4.2) .20
Renal diseases, n (%) 7 (1.6) 5 (2.0) 2 (1.1) .44
Stroke, n (%) 10 (2.3) 8 (1.8) 2 (0.5) .14
Biochemical parameters
Glucose, mmol/L 5.4 ± 0.9 5.5 ± 1.1 5.3 ± 0.7 .02
Total cholesterol, mmol/L 5.4 ± 1.0 5.3 ± 1.0 5.6 ± 1.0 .01
LDL, cholesterol, mmol/L 3.4 ± 0.9 3.4 ± 0.9 3.5 ± 1.0 .23
HDL, cholesterol, mmol/L 1.4 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.3 1.5 ± 0.3 <.001
Triglyceride, mmol/L 1.4 ± 0.6 1.5 ± 0.7 1.2 ± 0.5 <.001
Serum creatinine, μmol/L 78.7 ± 17.2 84.8 ± 16.3 70.8 ± 15.1 <.001
GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 87.9 ± 17.6 90.8 ± 16.9 84.0 ± 17.9 <.001

GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and numbers and percentages in parenthesis for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Student t‐test and Fisher's exact test were applied to compare variables between men and women, and the P values were shown on the right column.

a

Hypertension was defined by 24‐h brachial mean SBP ≥ 130 mm Hg or DBP ≥ 80 mm Hg or taking anti‐hypertensive agents for BP control.