Table 4.
Interaction effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (homocysteinemia ≥10 μmol/L) with conventional predisposing factors on hypertension susceptibility
| Subgroup | Conventional predisposing factors | ORa (95% CI) | P 1 | RERIa (95% CI) | P 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | |||||
| nHcy | <60 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.21 (0.07–2.35) | .037 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | <60 | 1.82 (1.37–2.44) | .001 | ||
| nHcy | ≥60 | 3.42 (2.46–4.77) | <.001 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | ≥60 | 5.45 (4.17–7.14) | <.001 | ||
| Sex | |||||
| nHcy | Female | 1.0 (reference) | 0.33 (−0.20 to 0.86) | .222 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Female | 1.45 (1.16–1.82) | .001 | ||
| nHcy | Male | 0.92 (0.56–1.51) | .740 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Male | 1.70 (1.31–2.22) | <.001 | ||
| BMI | |||||
| nHcy | Normal | 1.0 (reference) | 0.72 (0.07–1.36) | .029 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Normal | 1.41 (1.05–1.89) | .022 | ||
| nHcy | Overweight/obese | 1.90 (1.37–2.63) | <.001 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Overweight/obese | 3.03 (2.28–4.01) | <.001 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | |||||
| nHcy | No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.45 (0.06–0.85) | .026 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | No | 1.26 (0.88–1.80) | .204 | ||
| nHcy | Yes | 1.01 (0.71–1.44) | .943 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Yes | 1.72 (1.25–2.34) | .001 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | |||||
| nHcy | No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.12 (−0.72 to 0.96) | .779 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | No | 1.53 (1.23–1.90) | <.001 | ||
| nHcy | Yes | 1.40 (0.90–2.19) | .138 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Yes | 2.05 (1.46–2.87) | <.001 | ||
| Family history of hypertension | |||||
| nHcy | No | 1.0 (reference) | 1.87 (0.77–2.97) | <.001 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | No | 1.32 (1.02–1.70) | .032 | ||
| nHcy | Yes | 2.38 (1.70–3.33) | <.001 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Yes | 4.57 (3.42–6.11) | <.001 | ||
| Drinking | |||||
| nHcy | Nondrinkers | 1.0 (reference) | 0.40 (−0.11 to 0.91) | .124 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Nondrinkers | 1.42 (1.13–1.79) | .003 | ||
| nHcy | Ever‐drinkers | 0.92 (0.62–1.39) | .702 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Ever‐drinkers | 1.75 (1.29–2.37) | <.001 | ||
| Smoking | |||||
| nHcy | Nonsmokers | 1.0 (reference) | 0.18 (−0.36 to 0.72) | .514 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Nonsmokers | 1.47 (1.19–1.83) | <.001 | ||
| nHcy | Ever‐smokers | 0.70 (0.38–1.28) | .241 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Ever‐smokers | 1.35 (0.97–1.88) | .074 | ||
| Salt | |||||
| nHcy | ≤6 g/d | 1.0 (reference) | 0.07 (−0.44 to 0.59) | .790 | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | ≤6 g/d | 1.58 (1.14–2.18) | .006 | ||
| nHcy | >6 g/d | 1.33 (0.95–1.87) | .100 | ||
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | >6 g/d | 1.98 (1.46–2.69) | <.001 | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; nHcy, normal plasma homocysteine levels; OR, odds ratio; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking and drinking status, salt consumption, family history of hypertension, and fasting plasma glucose.