Table 4.
Least square mean change at 8 weeks of treatment from baseline in clinic and ambulatory BP and pulse rate in patients with sustained hypertension and those with white‐coat hypertension
| S‐(‐)‐amlodipine 2.5 mg/d (n=263) | S‐(‐)‐amlodipine 5 mg/d (n=260) | Least square mean difference (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sustained hypertension | n=154 | n=167 | ||
| Clinic BP, mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 20.1±0.8 | 24.3±0.8 | 4.2 (2.0–6.4) | .0002 |
| Diastolic | 12.4±0.6 | 14.8±0.6 | 2.4 (0.7–4.1) | .007 |
| Clinic pulse rate, beats per min | 0.7±0.5 | 1.8±0.5 | 1.1 (−0.3 to 2.5) | .19 |
| Ambulatory BP, mm Hg | ||||
| 24‐h systolic | 9.3±0.9 | 12.9±0.8 | 3.6 (1.2–6.0) | .003 |
| 24‐h diastolic | 6.0±0.6 | 7.5±0.6 | 1.5 (−1.7 to 3.2) | .09 |
| Daytime systolic | 10.0±1.0 | 13.3±0.9 | 3.3 (0.7–5.9) | .01 |
| Daytime diastolic | 6.2±0.7 | 7.7±0.7 | 1.5 (−0.4 to 3.4) | .11 |
| Nighttime systolic | 8.0±0.9 | 12.2±0.9 | 4.2 (1.7–6.7) | .0009 |
| Nighttime diastolic | 5.6±0.7 | 6.9±0.6 | 1.3 (−0.5 to 3.1) | .15 |
| White‐coat hypertension | n=109 | n=93 | ||
| Clinic BP, mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 21.2±0.8 | 22.6±0.9 | 1.4 (−1.0 to 3.8) | .26 |
| Diastolic | 12.9±0.6 | 13.8±0.6 | 0.9 (−0.8 to 2.6) | .30 |
| Clinic pulse rate, beats per min | 2.1±0.7 | 1.2±0.8 | −0.9 (−3.0 to 1.2) | .43 |
| Ambulatory BP, mm Hg | ||||
| 24‐h systolic | 0.61±0.9 | 0.18±1.0 | −0.4 (−3.1 to 2.2) | .75 |
| 24‐h diastolic | 0.25±0.6 | 0.11±0.6 | −0.1 (−1.8 to 1.5) | .87 |
| Daytime systolic | 0.26±1.0 | 0.19±1.0 | −0.1 (−2.9 to 2.7) | .96 |
| Daytime diastolic | 0.24±0.6 | 0.11±0.7 | −0.1 (−1.9 to 1.7) | .89 |
| Nighttime systolic | 1.70±1.0 | 0.13±1.1 | −1.6 (−4.5 to 1.3) | .30 |
| Nighttime diastolic | 0.57±0.7 | 0.10±0.7 | −0.5 (−2.4 to 1.5) | .64 |
Values are expressed as least square mean±standard error unless otherwise indicated. We performed analysis of covariance to calculate the least square mean (±standard error) change from baseline and the between‐group difference (95% CIs) with the baseline values as covariates. The change from baseline was computed by subtracting the values at the end of follow‐up from those at baseline. Positive values therefore indicate decrease from baseline. The between‐group difference was computed by subtracting the change in the S‐(‐)‐amlodipine 2.5‐mg/d group from that in the S‐(‐)‐amlodipine 5.0‐mg/d group. Positive values therefore indicate a larger reduction in the S‐(‐)‐amlodipine 5.0‐mg/d group. The P value is for the comparison between the S‐(‐)‐amlodipine 2.5‐mg/d and 5‐mg/d groups. Sustained hypertension was defined as a clinic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic and daytime BP of ≥135 mm Hg systolic or ≥85 mm Hg diastolic at baseline.