Table 1.
Peripheral and central blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and AIx in patients with NT, CH, and UH
| All patients (N = 1192) | NT (n = 231) | CH (n = 444) | UH (n = 517) | P valuea | P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69.2 ± 7.0 | 68.1 ± 7.0 | 68.7 ± 6.6 | 70.2 ± 7.2 | 0.636 | 0.002 |
| Male/female sex, % | 39.5/60.5 | 43/57 | 32/68 | 39/61 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Race, No./% | ||||||
| White | 99/8.3 | 22/9.5 | 38/8.6 | 39/7.5 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Black | 237/20 | 36/15 | 95/21.4 | 106/20.5 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Nonblack | 834/70 | 171/74 | 301/67.8 | 362/70 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Height, m | 1.57 ± 0.09 | 1.58 ± .09 | 1.58 ± .08 | 1.56 ± .0.9 | 1 | 0.015 |
| Weight, kg | 70.4 ± 15.2 | 66.3 ± 13.3 | 71.8 ± 15.2 | 70.9 ± 15.8 | 1 | 0.258 |
| Abdominal circumference, cm | 98.2 ± 13.0 | 93.1 ± 12.1 | 99.4 ± 12.3 | 99.6 ± 13.5 | 0.347 | 0.463 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 6.0 | 26.6 ± 4.9 | 28.8 ± 6.2 | 28.9 ± 6.0 | <0.001 | 1 |
| Heart rate, beats per min | 69.2 ± 11.6 | 68.3 ± 10.1 | 69.2 ± 11.9 | 69.6 ± 11.9 | 0.696 | 1 |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||||
| bSBP | 138.7 ± 20.0 | 124.8 ± 10.1 | 125.1 ± 10.1a | 156.6 ± 15.1 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| bDBP | 78.1 ± 11.1 | 78.0 ± 9.9 | 78.7 ± 10.9 | 88.2 ± 12.5 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| bPP | 55.3 ± 19.3 | 47.3 ± 13.7 | 49.4 ± 13.3 | 64.3 ± 21.8 | 0.422 | <0.0001 |
| bMAP | 101.3 ± 12.9 | 93.6 ± 8.5 | 94.2 ± 8.8 | 110.9 ± 11.1 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| cSBP | 132.1 ± 19.2 | 119.2 ± 13.1 | 123.5 ± 14.3 | 144.4 ± 17.6 | 0.004 | <0.0001 |
| cDBP | 84.0 ± 12.6 | 78.9 ± 9.9 | 79.6 ± 10.8 | 98.8 ± 12.6 | 0.742 | <0.0001 |
| cPP | 48.1 ± 14.4 | 41.0 ± 10.7 | 43.9 ± 11.6 | 54.4 ± 15.2 | 0.018 | <0.0001 |
| cMAP | 100.1 ± 13.5 | 92.5 ± 9.9 | 94.6 ± 10.8 | 108.1 ± 12.7 | 0.076 | <0.0001 |
| Arterial stiffnessc | ||||||
| AP, mm Hg | 16.7 ± 0.59 | 14.8 ± 0.73 | 16.0 ± 0.53 | 19.4 ± 0.52 | 0.165 | <0.0001 |
| AIx, % | 33.3 ± 0.77 | 33.0 ± 0.96 | 33.3 ± 0.69 | 33.7 ± 0.68 | 0.803 | 0.76 |
| cf‐PWV, m/s | 9.21 ± 0.84 | 9.11 ± 0.16 | 9.12 ± 0.18 | 9.42 ± 2.2 | 0.924 | 0.043 |
| Medications in use, No./% | ||||||
| Diuretic | 502/42 | 0 | 260/58.5 | 242/46.8 | 0.0002 | |
| ACEI | 347/29 | 0 | 194/43.6 | 153/29.6 | 0.0001 | |
| ARB | 321/27 | 0 | 163/36.7 | 161/31.1 | 0.0649 | |
| β‐Blocker | 297/25 | 0 | 147/33.1 | 149/28.8 | 0.1502 | |
| CCB | 179/15 | 0 | 78/17.5 | 101/19.5 | 0.4446 | |
| Direct vasodilators | 37/3 | 0 | 16/3.1 | 21/4.0 | 0.7174 | |
| Statins | 348/29.1 | 36/15.5 | 165/37.1 | 147/28.4 | 0.0001 | 0.0037 |
| Comorbidities, No./% | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 524/44 | 75/32 | 213/48 | 236/46 | 0.0001 | 0.4717 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 382/32 | 20/8.6 | 161/36.2 | 201/38.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 365/31 | 39/18 | 173/39 | 153/30 | 0.0001 | 0.4717 |
| Current and ex‐smokers | 645/54 | 136/58.8 | 233/52.4 | 276/53.3 | 1 | 1 |
| Previous CVE | 184/15.4 | 38/16.4 | 45/10.1 | 101/19.5 | 0.0179 | 0.0001 |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard error.
ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AIx, augmentation index; AP, augmentation pressure; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; bDBP, brachial diastolic blood pressure; bMAP, brachial mean arterial pressure; BMI, body mass index; bPP, brachial pulse pressure; bSBP, brachial systolic blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; cDBP, central diastolic blood pressure; cf‐PWV, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity; cPP, central pulse pressure; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; CVE, cardiovascular event.
P: normotension (NT) vs controlled hypertension (CH).
P: CH vs uncontrolled hypertension (UH).
Adjusted by central mean arterial pressure (cMAP), sex, and age.