Table 2.
Trigger Sleep Pressure Monitoring‐Measured Blood Pressure Parameters and Polysomnography Parameters at the Baseline and Carvedilol‐ or Nifedipine‐Administered Nights in Hypertensive Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
| Baseline | Carvedilol Added | Nifedipine Added | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure parameters | |||
| Nighttime | |||
| Fixed‐interval function | |||
| Mean SBP, mm Hg | 137.3±9.1 | 121.8±8.3a | 112.8±10.7a,b |
| SD of SBP, mm Hg | 11.5±2.2 | 10.8±2.5 | 11.0±2.2 |
| Mean DBP, mm Hg | 81.1±7.4 | 72.5±5a | 66.6±6.3a,c |
| Mean PR, beats per min | 59.8±9.4 | 57.2±7.8d | 62.4±8.1e |
| Oxygen‐triggered function | |||
| Maximum SBP, mm Hg | 164.7±15.2 | 143.0±12.7f | 138±22.4f |
| Mean SBP, mm Hg | 142.8±11.4 | 120.0±8.0a | 114.2±12.5a |
| SD of SBP, mm Hg | 10.3±4.3 | 9.8±3.4 | 9.4±3.2 |
| Mean DBP, mm Hg | 85.2±8.0 | 71.1±5.3a | 67.2±6.9a |
| Mean PR, beats per min | 63.0±8.7 | 59.1±7.7f | 64.5±7.4e |
| Sleep SBP surge, mm Hg | 30.8±12.7 | 18.6±7.8d | 22.1±16.8 |
| Minimum (basal) sleep SBP, mm Hg | 113.6±9.6 | 99.6±9.5a | 88.6±14.6a,c |
| Minimum sleep PR, beats per min | 53.4±8.1 | 49.5±7.1f | 54.8±7.5e |
| Morning | |||
| SBP, mm Hg | 150.8±12.3 | 137.4±10.5f | 118.2±15.7a,e |
| DBP, mm Hg | 86.4±10.6 | 79.9±6.6d | 69.9±9.2f,c |
| PR, beats per min | 61.8±9.6 | 57±8.2f | 64.7±10e |
| Polysomnography parameters | |||
| AHI (per h) | 26±13.1 | 28.5±13.4 | 33.1±12.2 |
| Apnea index (per h) | 9±9.7 | 7.6±5.6 | 8.8±6 |
| Arousal index (per h) | 25.7±7.3 | 22.1±7.9 | 24.2±13.9 |
| SpO2 <90%, % | 11.7±12.5 | 11±6.8 | 12.3±12.6 |
| Lowest SpO2, % | 75.5±6.7 | 72.5±6.9 | 73.6±10 |
Abbreviations: AHI, apnea hypopnea index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PR, pulse rate; SpO2, oxygen saturation. Date are shown as mean±standard deviation. Sleep blood pressure (BP) surge is defined as the difference between the maximum systolic BP (SBP) measured by oxygen‐triggered function (hypoxia‐peak SBP) and the average of BPs measured by the fixed‐interval function within 30 minutes before and after the hypoxia‐peak SBP. a P<.001, d P<.05, and f P<.01, vs baseline, by paired t test; b P<.05, c P<.01, and e P<.001, vs carvedilol‐added phase, by paired t test.