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. 2021 Apr 7;11(4):e048139. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048139

Table 5.

Weight status by exposure to advertising for less healthy foods and drinks (n=1552)

Type of advertising Underweight, OR (95% CI) Overweight, OR (95% CI) Obese, OR (95% CI) Missing, OR (95% CI)
Any advertising exposure 0.94 (0.35 to 2.57) 1.08 (0.75 to 1.57) 1.08 (0.72 to 1.60) 0.94 (0.63 to 1.41)
By product category
 Processed HFSS foods 1.31 (0.56 to 3.04) 1.17 (0.87 to 1.56) 1.12 (0.82 to 1.53) 0.89 (0.65 to 1.21)
 Sugary drinks 1.07 (0.51 to 2.24) 1.09 (0.84 to 1.43) 1.00 (0.75 to 1.33) 1.04 (0.78 to 1.41)
 Sugary cereals 1.03 (0.49 to 2.20) 1.21 (0.92 to 1.59) 1.29 (0.97 to 1.72) 1.03 (0.76 to 1.40)
 Sweet snacks 1.14 (0.54 to 2.39) 1.03 (0.79 to 1.35) 1.11 (0.83 to 1.47) 0.79 (0.58 to 1.06)
 Fast food 0.69 (0.32 to 1.47) 1.18 (0.88 to 1.58) 1.31 (0.95 to 1.80) 1.00 (0.72 to 1.38)
Digital food delivery services 0.71 (0.33 to 1.49) 1.22 (0.93 to 1.60) 1.40 (1.05 to 1.88)* 1.05 (0.78 to 1.43)
By advertising setting
 Traditional 0.88 (0.40 to 1.94) 1.32 (0.98 to 1.79) 1.28 (0.93 to 1.77) 1.24 (0.89 to 1.74)
 Digital 1.12 (0.51 to 2.47) 1.28 (0.96 to 1.71) 1.80 (1.33 to 2.44)*** 1.12 (0.82 to 1.54)
 Recreational 1.05 (0.41 to 2.66) 1.15 (0.81 to 1.63) 1.46 (1.02 to 2.09)* 1.07 (0.72 to 1.58)
 Functional 0.65 (0.31 to 1.38) 1.01 (0.78 to 1.32) 1.15 (0.86 to 1.52) 1.06 (0.79 to 1.43)
 Transport 0.63 (0.28 to 1.41) 1.07 (0.80 to 1.42) 1.20 (0.89 to 1.63) 0.78 (0.57 to 1.08)

Model adjusted for sex, age group, social class, children in the household, working status and region.

*P<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

HFSS, high in fat, salt and sugar.