Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
| Control Group | Intervention Group | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female, No. | 6/14 | 12/8 | .057a |
| Age, y | 62.5±8.8 | 61.8±8.1 | .810b |
| White ethnicity, No. (%) | 18.0 (90.0) | 16.0 (80.0) | .376a |
| Diabetes duration, y | 16.1±7.4 | 16.9±7.9 | .778b |
| Hypertension duration, y | 18.4±7.8 | 16.7±9.5 | .531b |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30.2±3.5 | 28.6±2.5 | .069b |
| Waist circumference, cm | 103.7±11.6 | 99.4±9.6 | .215b |
| Fat mass, % | 34.9±7.8 | 31.5±5.9 | .120a |
| Sedentary, No. (%) | 15 (75) | 15 (75) | 1.000a |
| Current alcohol intake, No. (%) | 9 (45) | 9 (45) | 1.000a |
| Current smoking, No. (%) | 1 (5) | 3 (15) | .292a |
| Office systolic BP, mm Hg | 163.6±19.0 | 166.9±16.2 | .260b |
| Office diastolic ABPM, mm Hg | 86.3±9.0 | 85.3±12.0 | .206b |
| 24‐h systolic ABPM, mm Hg | 147.4±15.4 | 148.1±12.2 | .887b |
| 24‐h diastolic ABPM, mm Hg | 82.2±8.9 | 82.4±8.4 | .948b |
| Use of ACE inhibitors, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 16 (80) | .091a |
| Use of diuretics, No. (%) | 15 (75) | 15 (75) | 1.000a |
| Use of ARB, No. (%) | 9 (45) | 2 (10) | .013a |
| Use of β‐blockers, No. (%) | 8 (40) | 10 (50) | .525a |
| Use of aspirin, No. (%) | 11 (55) | 11 (55) | 1.000a |
| Diabetic retinopathy, No. (%) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | .704a |
| UAE >30 mg/24 h, No. (%) | 12 (60) | 12 (60) | 1.000a |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 mb | 80.3±14.4 | 84.6±19.3 | .425b |
Abbreviations: ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UAE, urinary albumin excretion. Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation), median (P 25–P 75), number of patients with the characteristic (percentage).
a
Pearson's chi‐square.
b
t test.