Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics by BP Control
| Characteristics | Overall | Controlled BP Group | Uncontrolled BP Group | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 336 (100) | 71 (21.1) | 265 (78.9) | |
| Mean age, y (SD) | 60.9 (11.3) | 64.0 (10.6) | 60.1 (11.4) | .01 |
| Men:women, No. | 123:213 | 20:51 | 103:162 | .097 |
| Level of education, No. (%) | ||||
| None | 35 (10.4) | 9 (12.7) | 26 (9.8) | .614 |
| Primary | 121 (36.0) | 24 (33.8) | 97 (36.6) | |
| Secondary | 124 (36.9) | 29 (40.8) | 95 (35.8) | |
| Higher | 56 (16.7) | 9 (12.7) | 47 (17.7) | |
| Familial history of kidney disease, No. (%) | ||||
| No | 328 (97.6) | 70 (98.6) | 258 (97.4) | .596 |
| Yes | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | |
| Unknown | 6 (1.8) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (1.9) | |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 62 (18.5) | 4 (5.6) | 58 (21.9) | .001 |
| Gout, No. (%) | 36 (10.7) | 8 (11.3) | 28 (10.6) | .505 |
| Dyslipidemia, No. (%) | 59 (17.6) | 44 (16.6) | 15 (21.1) | .374 |
| HIV infection, No. (%) | ||||
| No | 306 (91.1) | 69 (97.2) | 237 (89.4) | .026 |
| Yes | 12 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 12 (4.5) | |
| Unknown | 18 (5.4) | 2 (2.8) | 16 (6.0) | |
| Current or former tobacco use, No. (%) | 13 (3.9) | 3 (4.2) | 10 (3.8) | .542 |
| Current or former alcohol use, No. (%) | 112 (33.3) | 26 (36.6) | 86 (32.5) | .508 |
| Self‐medication, No. (%) | 126 (37.5) | 25 (35.2) | 101 (38.1) | .654 |
| Mean duration of hypertension, y (SD) | 6.7 (7.9) | 8.3 (8.6) | 6.2 (7.6) | .047 |
| Mean SBP, mm Hg (SD) | 154 (26) | 126 (8) | 162 (23) | <.001 |
| Mean DBP, mm Hg (SD) | 90 (15) | 76 (7) | 94 (14) | <.001 |
| Hypertension treatment, No. (%) | ||||
| ACE inhibitor | 192 (57.1) | 49 (69.0) | 143 (54.0) | .023 |
| ARB | 9 (2.7) | 2 (2.8) | 7 (2.6) | >.999 |
| CCB | 132 (39.3) | 24 (33.8) | 108 (40.7) | .287 |
| Diuretics | 9 (2.7) | 2 (2.8) | 7 (2.6) | .086 |
| Blocker | 42 (12.5) | 9 (12.7) | 33 (12.4) | .960 |
| Central‐acting drugs | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.7) | >.999 |
| Median (25–75th percentiles) number of antihypertensive drugs | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (1–2) | .120 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 29.4 (14.8) | 27.7 (5.1) | 29.9 (16.4) | .282 |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2, No. (%) | 231 (68.8) | 48 (67.6) | 183 (69.1) | .815 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.