Table.

Accomplishments of previous US–China health and medicine collaborations

	Collaboration	Sector
Government
Public health system	The US CDC has worked together closely with Chinese public health leadership for over 35 years to strengthen an effective and responsive public health system in China and has improved institutions at the national, provincial, and municipal levels2, 5	Public health
Outbreak investigation and reporting	The China CDC Weekly, a scientific journal modelled after the US CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, is a collaborative effort between the Chinese CDC and the US CDC; the journal started in 2019, reporting on outbreaks in China in English6	Public health
USA–China global disease detection Cooperative Agreements	From 2004 to 2014, the CNIC and the US CDC developed cooperative agreements to build capacity in influenza surveillance in China;5 the initiative lead to a network of 411 laboratories and 556 sentinel hospitals (as of 2009) and Weekly Influenza Reports, in both Chinese and English, shared among key stakeholders and published on the CNIC website.	Public Health
Africa CDC	The Africa CDC has benefited from USA–China collaborative efforts to build public health capacity in sub-Saharan Africa.7 USA and China collaborated with the African Union and its member states to launch the Africa CDC, providing support for infrastructure and capacity building of the Africa CDC and associated five Regional Collaboration Centers.	Global health
Combating Ebola in west Africa	USA and China collaborated successfully in laboratory capacity, logistics, and drug development to combat Ebola8	Global health
The US–China collaborative project for neural tube defect prevention	A partnership between US CDC and Chinese institutions to generate high-quality evidence for folic acid fortification, leading to policy changes in the USA9	Biomedical science
Human Genome Project	A collaborative efforts between 20 scientific centres in six countries (China, France, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the USA) to sequence the human genome10	Biomedical science
Academia
China Tobacco Control Partnership	Strong and effective tobacco control programmes of the partnership, in collaboration with the Emory Global Health Institute, Gates Foundation, and ThinkTank Research Center for Health Development (a Chinese NGO) in 22 cities in China, have resulted in marked reductions in smoking in public places11	Public health
Yale University	Dating back to 1835 when Yale graduate Peter Parker opened the first US-style hospital in China, Yale University has maintained a collaborative relationship with Chinese institutions, particularly the Central South University, whose medical graduates are eligible to be licensed in China and Connecticut, USA12	Medical education
Harvard China Health Partnership	This partnership provides a platform for faculty across Harvard University to advance scholarships in China, particularly China's health systems.13	Health systems
Non-profit foundations and think tanks
China Medical Board	Founded in 1914 with endowments from the Rockefeller Foundation, CMB strives to advance health, equity, and the quality of care in China and southeast Asia; key focuses of CMB include health policy and systems sciences and health professional education14	Medical education; health systems
Resolve to Save Lives	A global non-profit initiative of Vital Strategies founded by a former director of the US CDC, Dr Thomas Frieden, Resolve to Save Lives, works with Chinese institutions to prevent deaths from cardiovascular disease through hypertension control and sodium reduction policies15	Chronic disease prevention
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation	This NGO has an office in Beijing, working with Chinese partners to develop innovative low-cost vaccines and vaccine refrigeration equipment for low-income settings, low-cost interventions to reduce risks of HIV infection in Africa.16	Global health

CDC=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CMB=China Medical Board. CNIC=Chinese National Influenza Center. NGO=non-governmental organisation.