a, Immunoblot analysis of quiescence-associated protein markers in HUVECs transduced with a FOXO1A3 (AdFOXO1A3) or control (AdCtrl) adenovirus. A FLAG antibody was used to validate the expression of the FLAG-tagged FOXO1A3 mutant. Tubulin served as loading control. b, Confocal images showing decreased EdU-incorporation in HUVECs transduced with AdFOXO1A3. The analysis was performed 24h after transduction. DAPI was used to identify endothelial nuclei. c, Quantification of EdU-incorporation in AdCtrl and FOXO1A3-expressing HUVECs. Values represent the percentage of EdU-labelled ECs, (n=6, 10 independent samples for AdCtrl and AdFOXO1A3). d, 2HG levels in AdCtrl- and AdFOXO1A3-transduced HUVECs measured by LC-MS, (n=4 independent samples). AU, arbitrary units. e, Immunoblot analysis of HUVECs transduced with a doxycycline-inducible control- (iLentiCtrl) or FOXO1A3-encoding lentivirus (iLentiFOXO1A3) showing expression of the FLAG-tagged FOXO1A3 mutant after doxycycline (Dox) treatment for 48h. The asterisk (*) denotes an unspecific protein detected by the FLAG antibody. f, Immunoblot analysis showing that the FOXO1-induced quiescence signature is reversible. HUVECs transduced with iLentiCtrl or iLentiFOXO1A3 were treated with Dox for 48h, after which Dox was removed from the culture media. HUVECs were then cultured for additional 48h. g, Quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) showing increased expression of canonical FOXO1 target genes in dense or sparse HUVEC cultures. Values are normalized to β-actin and represent fold-change regulation relative to control, (n=3 independent samples). Western blot data in a, e and f were from the respective experiment, processed in parallel, and are representative of at least three independent experiments. c, d and g, Data represent mean ± s.e.m.; a two-tailed unpaired t-test was used; *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001. The numerical data, unprocessed western blots and P values are provided as source data.
Source data