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. 2021 Apr 8;11:7742. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86990-w

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2; a,b) interleukin-6 (IL-6; c,d) interleukin-10 (IL-10; e,f) and immunoglobulin A (IgA; g,h) in the spleen of broilers fed different levels of thymol and thymol nanoemulsion preinfection (d 22) and 14 days postinfection (14 dpi) with S. Typhimurium. Error bars represent SEM. At d 22 preinfection: NC (negative control) = birds fed basal diet, thymol 0.25, 0.5 and 1% = birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol, thymol nanoemulsion 0.25, 0.5 and 1% = birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol nanoemulsion. At 14 dpi: NC (negative control): birds fed basal diet; PC (positive control): birds fed basal diet and challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 23 of age; thymol 0.25, 0.5 and 1%: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol; thymol nanoemulsion 0.25, 0.5 and 1%: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol nanoemulsion. All groups except NC group were challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 23 of age. a–eMeans within the same column carrying different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05.