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. 2021 Apr 8;11:7742. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86990-w

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Quantification of cecal S. Typhimurium populations (a) and its invA mRNA (b) in response to thymol and thymol nanoemulsion supplementation at 7 and 14 dpi as were measured by real-time PCR assay. Data are expressed as means ± SE (error bars). Arrows corresponded to significant decrease (↓) relative to the PC group (p < 0.05). NC (negative control): birds fed basal diet; PC (positive control): birds fed basal diet and challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 23 of age; thymol 0.25, 0.5 and 1%: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol; thymol nanoemulsion 0.25, 0.5 and 1%: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol nanoemulsion. All groups except NC group were challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 23 of age. a–dMeans within the same column carrying different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05.