Table 1.
Descriptive data on adolescent anxiety diagnostic evaluated in baseline and follow-up.
| Variables | Baseline | 5-years follow-up | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical development (n = 18) | Variable (n = 38) | Persistent (n = 20) | Total sampleª (N = 76) | Typical development (n = 18) | Variable (n = 38) | Persistent (n = 20) | Total sampleª (N = 76) | |
| Telomere length (base pairs) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.22 (0.566) | 2.20 (1.47)* | 1.25 (0.826) | 1.70 (1.23) | 0.759 (0.359)** | 0.853 (0.628)** | 1.13 (0.528) | 0.891 (0.553)** |
| Epigenetic age acceleration (years) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | − 1.45 (7.98) | 0.119 (8.07) | − 3.03 (3.86) | − 1.14 (7.21) | 2.05 (4.14) | 0.582 (3.82) | 1.86 (4.51)** | 1.33 (4.06)** |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.2 (2.42) | 13.8 (2.48) | 12.5 (1.95) | 13.4 (2.37) | 17.2 (2.50)** | 17.7 (2.58)** | 16.3 (2.08)** | 17.2 (2.48)** |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 9 (50%) | 22 (58%) | 15 (75%) | 46 (61%) | ||||
| Male | 9 (50%) | 16 (42%) | 5 (25%) | 30 (39%) | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 10 (56%) | 25 (66%) | 13 (65%) | 48 (63%) | ||||
| African Brazilian | 2 (11%) | 5 (13%) | 4 (20%) | 11 (14%) | ||||
| Mixed | 5 (28%) | 8 (21%) | 3 (15%) | 16 (21%) | ||||
Chi-squared test was applied for testing sex and race/ethnicity between anxiety groups. Analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to examine telomere length, epigenetic age acceleration and chronological age differences among anxiety groups within each year and for overall sample between years (a). *p < 0.05 compared with all other anxiety groups within the same time point (Tukey post-hoc test); **p < 0.05 compared with the same group at baseline (t test).