Table 1. Meta-analysis for the association among comorbidities and critical conditions among COVID-19 patients.
| Severe infection | ICU admission | ARDS | Cardiac injury | Liver injury | Overall critical condition | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (I2) | RR (95% CI) | N (I2) | RR (95% CI) | N (I2) | RR (95% CI) | N (I2) | RR (95% CI) | N (I2) | RR (95% CI) | N (I2) | RR (95% CI) | |
| COPD | 10 (0%) | 3.97 (2.77 - 5.69) | 4 (0%) | 4.76 (2.44 - 9.27) | 1 (NA) | 3.00 (0.15 - 61.7) | 2 (0%) | 4.87 (1.79 - 13.3) | 1 (NA) | 11.0 (0.58 - 207) | 18 (0%) | 4.22 (3.12 - 5.69) |
| CVD | 9 (29.6%) | 3.15 (2.34 - 4.25) | 4 (0%) | 2.59 (1.61 - 4.16) | 2 (0%) | 2.51 (0.80 - 7.87) | 2 (57.2%) | 4.30 (2.56 - 7.20) | 2 (0%) | 0.90 (0.27 - 2.95) | 19 (15.7%) | 3.00 (2.41 - 3.73) |
| CVA | 5 (0%) | 2.72 (1.84 - 4.02) | 1 (NA) | 10.7 (1.06 - 108) | 6 (0%) | 2.86 (1.95 - 4.19) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 13 (49.8%) | 1.90 (1.68 - 2.16) | 4 (1.9%) | 2.64 (2.03 - 3.44) | 3 (0%) | 1.72 (1.10 - 2.68) | 2 (0%) | 2.51 (1.93 - 3.26) | 2 (2.3%) | 1.00 (0.42 - 2.37) | 24 (42.2%) | 2.02 (1.82 - 2.23) |
| Diabetes | 13 (51.1%) | 2.01 (1.70 - 2.39) | 4 (44.5%) | 2.44 (1.66 - 3.60) | 3 (0%) | 3.35 (1.70 - 6.59) | 2 (0%) | 2.04 (1.27 - 3.27) | 2 (0%) | 1.06 (0.31 - 3.64) | 24 (32.3%) | 2.10 (1.82 - 2.43) |
| Chronic liver disease | 8 (29.1%) | 1.10 (0.71 - 1.70) | 3 (0%) | 0.50 (0.12 - 2.06) | 1 (NA) | 4.07 (0.58 - 28.5) | 12 (17.8%) | 1.05 (0.70 - 1.58) | ||||
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (0%) | 2.09 (1.33 - 3.28) | 3 (0%) | 1.56 (0.47 - 5.12) | 1 (NA) | 1.00 (0.08 - 12.6) | 1 (NA) | 2.26 (0.78 - 6.57) | 12 (0%) | 2.00 (1.36 - 2.94) | ||
| Malignancy | 9 (8.0%) | 2.45 (1.67 - 3.58) | 4 (31.5%) | 2.26 (1.27 - 4.01) | 1 (NA) | 32.2 (4.28 - 241) | 1 (NA) | 14.3 (3.02 - 67.4) | 15 (37.7%) | 2.91 (2.16 - 3.91) | ||
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; N, number of studies; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; NA, not applicable.