Table 5.
Diagnostic approach in case 2.
| Diagnostic approach (Q24) | |||
| 1 | Blood tests including full blood counts, inflammatory markers and clotting tests | 66/70 | 94.3% |
| 1 | Emergency MRI of the brain including an MRI angiography | 65/70 | 92.9% |
| 3 | LUMBAR puncture to analyze the CSF | 62/70 | 88.6% |
| 4 | Brain CT scan including CT angiography | 22/70 | 31.4% |
| Blood tests deemed essential (Q25) | |||
| 1 | Complete blood cell count, including differential blood count | 69/70 | 98.6% |
| 2 | Clotting tests including PTT, INR, fibrinogen and D dimers | 68/70 | 97.1% |
| 3 | Immunology tests including ANA, ENA, complement factors, cardiolipin antibodies and ANCA | 63/70 | 90.0% |
| 4 | Adenosine deaminase (ADA) 2 activity | 30/70 | 42.9% |
| 5 | Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) to exclude tuberculosis | 29/70 | 41.4% |
| Blood immunology tests (Q26) | |||
| 1 | Anti-phospholipid antibody testing | 66/70 | 94.3% |
| 2 | Antinuclear antibodies | 63/70 | 90.0% |
| 3 | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) | 64/70 | 91.4% |
| 4 | Anti-dsDNA antibodies | 57/70 | 81.4% |
| 5 | Complement factors and activation of the complement cascade | 53/70 | 75.7% |
| 6 | Anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor and aquaporin antibodies | 38/70 | 54.3% |
| Lumbar puncture (Q27) | |||
| 1 | Cell counts, differentiation and protein quantification | 69/70 | 98.6% |
| 2 | Protein | 67/70 | 95.7% |
| 3 | Glucose | 65/70 | 92.9% |
| 4 | Microbial cultures | 63/70 | 90.0% |
| 5 | Opening pressure | 59/70 | 84.3% |
| 6 | Oligoclonal bands | 57/70 | 81.4% |
| 7 | Lactate | 55/70 | 78.5% |
| 8 | Anti-NMDA and aquaporin antibodies | 38/70 | 54.3% |
| MRI techniques (Q28) | |||
| 1 | MRI angiography | 60/68 | 88.2% |
| 2 | Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) | 50/68 | 73.5% |
| 3 | Diffusion-weighted MRI sequences | 50/68 | 73.5% |
| 4 | T1 with fat saturation (FS) | 37/68 | 54.4% |
| 5 | T2FS | 34/68 | 50.0% |
| 6 | T1FS with contrast medium | 28/68 | 41.2% |
| 7 | TIRM/STIR | 27/68 | 39.7% |