Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of eligible studies.
| No. | References | Country | Design | Number of study participants | Type of trauma | Body region | ISS (mean or median) |
Performed by | Procedures | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BLS | ALS | BLS | ALS | ||||||||
| 1 | Potter et al. (23) | Australia | Controlled Trial | 1,061 | Blunt and Penetrating | Head, Torso and Extremity | 37 | Physician and Paramedics | Physician and Paramedics | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 2 | Murphy et al. (24) | US | Retrospective Cohort | 2,394 | Blunt and Penetrating | Head, Torso and Extremity with multiple injuries | 17 | Not described | Not described | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 3 | Liberman et al. (25) | Canada | Prospective Cohort | 9405 | Blunt and Penetrating | Head, Torso and Extremity | 26 | Paramedics | Physician and Paramedics | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 4 | Osterwalder (26) | Switzerland | Prospective Cohort | 196 | Blunt | Head, Torso and Extremity | 24 | Physician and Paramedics | Physician and Paramedics | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 5 | Steil (27) | Canada | Before-after controlled trial | 2,867 | Blunt, Penetrating and Burn | Head, Torso and Extremity | 24 for BLS, 22 for ALS | Paramedics | Paramedics | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 6 | Seamon et al. (6) | US | Prospective Cohort | 236 | Penetrating | Head, Torso and Extremity | 20.8 | Paramedics | Paramedics | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 7 | Meizono (28) | US | Retrospective Cohort | 3,733 (122, after adjustment) | Blunt, Penetrating and Burn | Not described | 5 | Not described | Not described | No Procedures of ALS group | *ALS procedures |
| 8 | Sanghavi et al. (29) | US | Retrospective Cohort | 79,687 | Not described | Not described | New ISS was used. | Not described | Not described | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 9 | Rappold et al. (5) | US | Retrospective Cohort | 1,490 | Penetrating | Not described | 13 for ALS, 10 for BLS | Paramedics | Paramedics | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
| 10 | Fukuda et al. (30) | Japan | Retrospective Cohort | 4,382 | Blunt and Penetrating | Head, Torso and Extremity | Unknown | Physician and Paramedics | Physician and Paramedics | All BLS procedures | All ALS procedures |
ISS, injury severity score; BLS, basic life support; ALS, advanced life support; US, United States.
*
Needle decompression, tourniquet use, cricothyroidotomy, or ACLS procedures other than intravenous fluid.