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. 2021 Mar 26;11:590202. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.590202

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Copyright © 2021 Raspini, Vacca, Porri, De Giuseppe, Calabrese, Chieppa, Liso, Cerbo, Civardi, Garofoli, De Angelis and Cena

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Influence of different factors on early microbiota composition at the phylum level (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) in T2 fecal samples (infants at 6 months of age). Starting from the left: i) and ii) Maternal factors: maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (WG), respectively. NW [n.37]: normal pre-pregnancy BMI (BMI < 25 kg/m²), OW [n.12]: excessive pre-pregnancy BMI (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²); EWG [n.20]: excessive gestational WG, NWG [n.29]: optimal gestational WG). iii) Delivery mode (CS [n.7]: caesarean section, VD [n.46]: vaginal delivery). iv) Feeding (_EBF [n.31]: exclusive breast-feeding, NeBF [n.21]: not exclusively breast fed, mixed fed or exclusively formula fed). v) Weaning (≤4 [n.41]: before 4 months of age, >4 [n.9: after 4 months of age). vi) Presence of older siblings (FB [n.30]: first-born, nFB [n.22]: not first-born).