Table 5.

Published cases of Immunotherapy treatments for pituitary tumors and carcinomas.

Response in tumor growth	Hormone reduction	Treatment	Tumor subtype	Pathology	Previous treatment	Age/sex	Ref, year [ref no]
intracranial: decreased by 59%, liver met: decreased by 98%. SD after 6 months	Decreased ACTH by 100%	IPI and NIV 5 cycles followed by NIV only	ACTH-CA	Liver: mitotic index 50%, PDL-1 <1%	TSS, RT BAD, TMZ	41/F	Lin (29)
SD	Decreased ACTH by 30%, am cortisol by 64%, UFC by 74%	IPI and NIV 4 cycles, then NIV maintenance and ketoconazole	ACTH-CA	Ki-67:<1%	TSS, RT, TMZ	41/M	Sol (30)
PD	PD	PEM 4 cycles	ACTH	MIB>3%, PDL-1 negative	TSS, RT, TMZ	66/M	Caccese (31)
Pituitary: decreased by 15%, liver met: decreased by 57–69%. PD after 12 months	Decreased ACTH by >93% then PD	IPI and NIV 5 cycles followed by NIV 21 cycles	ACTH-CA	Ki-67: 5%, Liver: Ki-67 10%, PDL-1 negative	TSS, RT, TMZ	60/F	Duhamel (94)
PD	PD	IPI and NIV 2 cycles	PRL	Ki-67: 25%	TSS, RT, TMZ	68/M	Duhamel (94)

NFPA, non-functioning pituitary adenoma; CA, carcinoma; TSS, transsphenoidal surgery; RT, radiation therapy; BAD, bilateral adrenalectomy; PEM, pembrolizumab; IPI, ipilimumab; NIV, nivolumab; HR, hormonal response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; UFC, urinary free cortisol.