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. 2021 Apr 9;51(10):2221–2229. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01463-4

Table 2.

Counts of detected prohibited substances (or their metabolites) from athletes (n = 142) who generated an Anti-Doping Rule Violation from the IOC re-testing of samples from the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games

Games Count of detected prohibited substances (or their metabolites) from the IOC re-tests of samples collected at the 2004–2012 summer Olympic Games
DHCMT Stanozolol Other exogenous AASa Other substancesb
2004 Athens 4 1
2008 Beijing 41 22 6 15
2012 London 59 28 11 4
Total 100 50 21 20

DHCMT dehydrochloromethyltestosterone, AAS anabolic androgenic steroid, EPO erythropoietin, CERA continuous EPO receptor activator

aEither: oxandrolone, metenolone, methandienone, drostanolone, 1-androsterone or clostebol

bEither: EPO; CERA, Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-2, acetazolamide, methylhexaneamine, tamoxifen, clenbuterol, ipamorelin, Athlete Biological Passport Violation or sibutramine