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. 2021 Mar;9(5):422. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-5162

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The classical necroptosis signaling pathway initiated by the combining of TNF ligand and TNF receptor 1. The combination of TNF α and TNF receptor 1 can induce necroptosis, when the caspase-8 activity is inhibited. The binding between RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL induces the phosphorylation of MLKL and subsequent execution of necroptosis. In addition, IFNs also trigger necroptosis independently of RIPK1 via the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR. Toll receptor and DAI can activate RIPK3 independent of RIPK1.