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. 2021 Mar;9(5):417. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-761

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2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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The importance of aPSCs in the development of PDAC. (A) With the development of PDAC, the number of aPSCs gradually increased; (B) added aPSCs supernatant into PDAC cell culture medium can promote PDAC proliferation; (C) co-culture with aPSCs significantly enhanced PDAC cell proliferation; (D) the BCAA degradation pathway proteins with alterations following co-cultivation with aPSCs. *, statistically significant (P<0.05). aPSCs, activated pancreatic stellate cells; BCAAs, branched-chain amino acids; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.