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. 2021 Mar;9(5):384. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4282

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2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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I-Smads suppressed the activation of freshly-isolated PSCs. The relative mRNA expression level of (A) α-SMA, (B) GFAP, (C) Desmin, (D) Col1, (E) Col3, (F) Fn1, and (G) CD133 was measured after 24 h and/or 48 h under the condition of over-expression of both Smad6 and Smad7 during activation of freshly-isolated PSCs. GFP was a negative control. β-Actin acted as an internal reference. The two-tailed Student’s t-test was performed to assess significance. ns, not significant; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001; ****, P<0.0001.