TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White groups by clinical diagnostic group (N = 1843)
| Overall | Cognitively unimpaired | MCI | Dementia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic N = 1193 | Non‐Hispanic White N = 650 | Hispanic N = 711 | Non‐Hispanic White N = 184 | Hispanic N = 325 | Non‐Hispanic White N = 115 | Hispanic N = 157 | Non‐Hispanic White N = 351 | |
| Age, years | 67 ± 9* | 74 ± 8 | 63 ± 8* | 72 ± 8 | 70 ± 9* | 73 ± 9 | 75 ± 8 | 75 ± 9 |
| Female, N (%) | 840 (70%)* | 358 (55%) | 515 (72%)* | 117 (64%) | 223 (69%)* | 52 (45%) | 102 (65%)* | 189 (54%) |
| Education, years | 10 ± 5* | 15 ± 3 | 10 ± 5* | 16 ± 2 | 10 ± 4* | 15 ± 3 | 10 ± 5* | 15 ± 3 |
| BMI, m/kg2 | 31 ± 6* | 27 ± 4 | 31 ± 7* | 27 ± 4 | 31 ± 6* | 28 ± 4 | 29 ± 5* | 26 ± 4 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||||||
| Systolic | 139 ± 21* | 134 ± 18 | 137 ± 21* | 130 ± 27 | 139 ± 19 | 135 ± 18 | 144 ± 21* | 135 ± 18 |
| Diastolic | 78 ± 12* | 76 ± 11 | 79 ± 12 | 74 ± 10 | 76 ± 11 | 76 ± 11 | 76 ± 11 | 76 ± 11 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 398 (33%)* | 64 (10%) | 230 (32%)* | 14 (8%) | 112 (34%)* | 17 (15%) | 56 (36%)* | 33(9%) |
| Presence of APOE ε4 allele, N (%) | 247 (21%)* | 309 (48%) | 130 (18%) | 38 (21%) | 58 (18%)* | 45 (39%) | 59 (38%)* | 226 (64%) |
| CDR Global, N (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 737(62%) | 194 (30%) | 711(100%) | 183 (99%) | 26 (8%) | 11 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| 0.5 | 377 (32%) | 225 (35%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 298 (92%) | 103 (90%) | 79 (50%) | 121 (34%) |
| ≥1 | 79 (7%) | 231 (36%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 78 (50%) | 230 (66%) |
| Serum t‐tau, median (quartile 1, quartile 3) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.4)* | 0.3 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.4)* | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) |
| Serum NfL median (quartile 1, quartile 3) | 17 (12, 26)* | 28 (20, 39) | 15 (11, 21)* | 22 (17, 31) | 20 (14, 29)* | 24 (17, 35) | 31 (22, 50) | 33 (24, 45) |
| Serum GFAP median (quartile 1, quartile 3) | 155 (110, 224)* | 344 (203, 488) | 134 (98, 186)* | 206 (145, 367) | 174 (120, 249)* | 253 (175, 380) | 279 (182, 432)* | 429 (308, 591) |
| Serum UCHL1 median (quartile 1, quartile 3) | 28 (22, 38)* | 36 (28, 51) | 27 (22, 37)* | 33 (24, 44) | 29 (22, 38)* | 35 (26, 50) | 34 (26, 44)* | 39 (30, 56) |
| Serum YKL‐40 median (quartile 1, quartile 3) | 60,645 (37,681, 109,885)* | 49,005 (31,140, 82,929) | 55,126 (35,181, 101,850)* | 41,825 (27,811, 74,587) | 64,210 (38,685, 111,221)* | 45,589 (29,075, 67,417) | 83,807 (55,101, 150,856)* | 55,437 (33,577, 91,645) |
| Serum sCD14 median (quartile 1, quartile 3) | 1306 (1163, 1506)* | 1422 (1221, 1636) | 1299 (1154, 1466)* | 1422 (1226, 1591) | 1324 (1167, 1553) | 1349 (1186, 1524) | 1347 (1182, 1623)* | 1452 (1247, 1676) |
| MMSE | 26 ± 4* | 25 ± 4 | 28 ± 2* | 29 ± 0.9 | 26 ± 3* | 28 ± 2 | 21 ± 5* | 22 ± 4 |
| WMS LM I | 30 ± 11* | 32 ± 16 | 34 ± 9* | 44 ± 9 | 27 ± 10* | 30 ± 11 | 16 ± 11 | 14 ± 9 |
| WMS LM 2 | 17 ± 9 | 17 ± 12 | 20 ± 7* | 27 ± 7 | 15 ± 8 | 16 ± 9 | 6 ± 7* | 3 ± 5 |
| Animal Fluency | 15 ± 5* | 14 ± 6 | 16 ± 4* | 18 ± 4 | 14 ± 4* | 16 ± 6 | 10 ± 4* | 11 ± 5 |
| Trails A, seconds to complete | 57 ± 32* | 51 ± 30 | 49 ± 24* | 36 ± 11 | 62 ± 33* | 40 ± 14 | 91 ± 41* | 63 ± 35 |
| Trails B, seconds to complete | 148 ± 80 | 144 ± 87 | 121 ± 61* | 79 ± 29 | 178 ± 82* | 113 ± 59 | 242 ± 75* | 199 ± 86 |
Note: *P < .05; Group differences were assessed with independent t‐tests or Mann‐Whitney U tests for continuous variables and the chi‐squared statistic for categorical variables. Fisher's exact test was applied to the CDR Global variable due to low cell counts. All values represent mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted.
Abbreviations: APOE, apolipoprotein E; BMI, body mass index; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating scale; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; NfL, neurofilament light; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; Trails, Trail Making Test; t‐tau, total tau; UCHL1, ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1; YKL‐40, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1; WMS LM, Weschler Memory Scale Logical Memory.