TABLE 4.
Results of linear mixed‐effects models displaying associations between serum biomarkers and cognitive outcomes
| T‐tau | NfL | GFAP | UCHL1 | YKL‐40 | sCD14 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE N = 1842 | β = –0.176, SE = 0.069, P =.011 | β = –0.455, SE = 0.083, P<.001* | β = –0.345, SE = 0.092, P =.001* | β = –0.140, SE = 0.073, P =.056 | β = –0.114, SE = 0.068, P =.092 | β = –0.150, SE = 0.066, P =.024 |
| WMS LM 1 N = 1406 | β = –0.307 SE = 0.265, P =.248 | β = –0.542, SE = 0.315, P =.085 | β = –1.426, SE = 0.359, P<.001* | β = –0.192, SE = 0.297, P =.517 | β = –0.658 SE = 0.252, P =.009 | β = 0.104, SE = 0.266, P =.696 |
| WMS LM II N = 1403 | β = –0.183, SE = 0.197, P =.353 | β = –0.224, SE = 0.233, P =.335 | β = –0.890, 0.266, P<.001* | β = –0.085, SE = 0.220 P =.698 | β = –0.537, SE = 0.186, P =.004* | β = –0.025, SE = 0.197, P =.899 |
| Animal Fluency N = 1583 | β = –0.190, SE = 0.113, P =.092 | β = –0.410, SE = 0.133, P =.002* | β = –0.346, SE = 0.151, P =.022 | β = –0.064, SE = 0.121, P =.596 | β = –0.072, SE = 0.109, P =.506 | β = –0.229, SE = 0.109, P =.037 |
| Trails A N = 1783 | β = 0.816 SE = 0.668, P =.215 | β = 2.880, SE = 0.801, P<.001* | β = –0.466, SE = 0.882, P =.600 | β = 1.281, SE = 0.699, P =.067 | β = 0.400, SE = 0.645, P =.535 | β = −‐1.257, SE = 0.639, P =.049 |
| Trails B N = 1608 | β = 3.265, SE = 1.644, P =.047 | β = 5.965, SE = 2.037, P =.003* | β = –1.621, SE = 2.216, P =.464 | β = –1.318, SE = 1.802, P =.465 | β = 1.556, SE = 1.631, P =.340 | β = –1.321, SE = 1.613, P =.413 |
Note: Linear mixed‐effects models with cognitive data regressed on age, sex, ethnicity, APOE ε4 status, education, site, clinical diagnostic group, and serum biomarkers.
Abbreviations: APOE, apolipoprotein E; BMI, body mass index; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating scale; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; NfL, neurofilament light; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; SE, standard error; Trails, Trail Making Test; t‐tau, total tau; UCHL1, ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1; YKL‐40, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1; WMS LM, Weschler Memory Scale Logical Memory.
P<.008 level of significance after Bonferroni correction for six biomarkers