TABLE 5.
Interactions between serum biomarkers, ethnicity, and APOE ε4 status for cognition derived from linear mixed‐effects models
| Outcome variable | Interaction term | T‐tau | NfL | GFAP | UCHL1 | YKL‐40 | sCD14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE M = 1842 | Ethnicity x Biomarker | β = 0.039, SE = 0.139, P =.776 | β = 0.187, SE = 0.151, P =.216 | β = 0.096, SE = 0.153, P =.528 | β = 0.204, SE = 0.144, P =.155 | β = –0.007, SE = 0.137, P =.957 | β = –0.020, SE = 0.129, P =.875 |
| APOE x Biomarker | β = ‐0.250, SE = 0.140, P =.075 | β = 0.071, SE = 0.141, P =.618 | β = ‐0.233, SE = 0.143, P =.105 | β = ‐0.197, SE = 0.147, P =.181 | β = 0.146, SE = 0.141, P =.299 | β = 0.071, SE = 0.134, P = 0.597 | |
| WMS LM 1 N = 1406 | Ethnicity x Biomarker | β = 1.023, SE = 0.624, P =.102 | β = 3.441, SE = 0.680, P<.001 * | β = 3.708, SE = 0.670, P<.001* | β = 1.614, SE = 0.679, P =.018 | β = 1.717, SE = 0.608, P =.005* | β = –0.111, SE = 0.614, P =.857 |
| APOE x Biomarker | β = –0.803, SE = 0.580, P =.167 | β = –0.537, SE = 0.571, P =.348 | β = –1.843, SE = 0.623, P =.003* | β = –0.493, SE = 0.696, P = .479 | β = 0.086, SE = 0.582, P =.883 | β = 0.152, SE = 0.590, P =.796 | |
| WMS LM II N = 1403 | Ethnicity x Biomarker | β = 0.549, SE = 0.462, P =.235 | β = 1.595, SE = 0.506, P =.002* | β = 1.849, SE = 0.500, P<.001* | β = 0.979, SE = 0.502, P =.051 | β = 0.516, SE = 0.451, P =.252 | β = 0.054, SE = 0.456, P =.905 |
| APOE x Biomarker | β = –0.506, SE = 0.429, P =.239 | β = –0.761, SE = 0.424, P =.073 | β = –1.819, SE = 0.460, P<.001* | β = –0.580, SE = 0.514, P =.260 | β = –0.150, SE = 0.432, P =.729 | β = 0.085, SE = 0.437, P =.846 | |
| Animal Fluency N = 1583 | Ethnicity x Biomarker | β = 0.570, SE = 0.248, P =.022 | β = 0.767, SE = 0.278, P =.006* | β = 0.630, SE = 0.287, P =.028 | β = 0.455, SE = 0.256, P =.076 | β = 0.373, SE = 0.247, P =.130 | β = 0.296, SE = 0.225, P =.188 |
| APOE x Biomarker | β = –0.340, SE = 0.232, P =.142 | β = –0.170, SE = 0.231, P =.461 | β = –0.268, SE = 0.238, P =.260 | β = –0.052, SE = 0.252, P =.835 | β = 0.183, SE = 0.235, P =.436 | β = 0.212, SE = 0.227, P =.352 | |
| Trails A N = 1783 | Ethnicity x Biomarker | β = ‐0.577, SE = 1.332, P =.665 | β = 1.906, SE = 1.478, P =.197 | β = 0.460, SE = 1.481, P =.756 | β = 0.200, SE = 1.388, P =.885 | β = 2.826, SE = 1.320, P =.032 | β = 0.806, SE = 1.251, P =.520 |
| APOE x Biomarker | β = 1.351, SE = 1.339, P =.313 | β = ‐2.310, SE = 1.396, P = .098 | β = –0.853, SE = 1.390, P =.540 | β = 1.090, SE = 1.414, P =.441 | β = –0.411, SE = 1.358, P =.762 | β = –0.862, SE = 1.296, P =.506 | |
| Trails B N = 1608 | Ethnicity x Biomarker | β = –5.858, SE = 3.314, P =.077 | β = –6.978, SE = 3.727, P =.061 | β = –8.613, SE = 3.710, P =.020 | β = –3.370, SE = 3.585, P =.347 | β = 0.521, SE = 3.330, P =.876 | β = –3.832, SE = 3.166, P =.226 |
| APOE x Biomarker | β = 3.380, SE = 3.371, P =.316 | β = 5.166, SE = 3.570, P =.148 | β = 3.321, SE = 3.508, P =.344 | β = 3.030, SE = 3.683, P =.411 | β = –3.882, SE = 3.435, P =.259 | β = 4.317, SE = 3.269,P =.187 |
Note: Interaction terms displayed for separate linear mixed‐effects models on cognitive tests with additional covariates for age, sex, ethnicity, APOE ε4 status, education, site, clinical diagnostic group, and serum biomarkers.
Abbreviations: APOE, apolipoprotein E; BMI, body mass index; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating scale; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; NfL, neurofilament light; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; SE, standard error; Trails, Trail Making Test; t‐tau, total tau; UCHL1, ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1; YKL‐40, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1; WMS LM, Weschler Memory Scale Logical Memory.
P<.008 level of significance after Bonferroni correction for six biomarkers