Table 3.
Associations of sleep regularity index (SRI) quartiles with diabetes prevalence and diabetes incidence stratified by obesity, employment, age group, sex, and among those without other prevalent diseases*, Sueño Ancillary Study
| SRI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (2.4–63.8) | Quartile 2 (63.8–71.5) | Quartile 3 (71.5–77.0) | Quartile 4 (77.0–92.4) | p trend | p interaction † | |
| Diabetes prevalence | OR (95% CI) | |||||
| BMI < 30 kg/m2 (N = 1177) | 1.99 (0.90 to 4.38) | 0.89 (0.42 to 1.87) | 1.03 (0.53 to 2.01) | 1.00 (ref) | .070 | .486 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (N = 908) | 1.29 (0.66 to 2.51) | 1.32 (0.70 to 2.50) | 0.92 (0.47 to 1.78) | 1.00 (ref) | .290 | |
| Non-working or retired (N = 876) | 3.16 (1.56 to 6.40) | 2.08 (1.04 to 4.17) | 1.72 (0.90 to 3.28) | 1.00 (ref) | .001 | .273 |
| Non-shift workers (N = 795) | 0.77 (0.34 to 1.76) | 0.63 (0.28 to 1.44) | 0.56 (0.26 to 1.21) | 1.00 (ref) | .517 | |
| Shift workers (N = 434) | 1.71 (0.49 to 5.98) | 1.35 (0.45 to 4.03) | 1.53 (0.47 to 4.97) | 1.00 (ref) | .987 | |
| <45 years (N = 731) | 0.75 (0.26 to 2.15) | 0.29 (0.09 to 0.92) | 0.18 (0.05 to 0.71) | 1.00 (ref) | .250 | .060 |
| ≥45 years (N = 1376) | 1.88 (1.14 to 3.12) | 1.53 (0.97 to 2.42) | 1.42 (0.90 to 2.26) | 1.00 (ref) | .031 | |
| Males (N = 749) | 1.49 (0.64 to 3.44) | 0.63 (0.26 to 1.52) | 0.85 (0.34 to 2.14) | 1.00 (ref) | .087 | .187 |
| Females (N = 1358) | 1.64 (0.90 to 2.98) | 1.75 (1.02 to 3.00) | 1.09 (0.65 to 1.80) | 1.00 (ref) | .030 | |
| Without other prevalent diseases* (N = 1862) | 1.90 (1.04 to 3.46) | 1.13 (0.66 to 1.91) | 0.98 (0.56 to 1.71) | 1.00 (ref) | .011 | |
| Diabetes incidence | IRR (95% CI) | |||||
| BMI < 30 kg/m2 (N = 899) | 1.33 (0.54 to 3.30) | 2.38 (1.20 to 4.73) | 1.30 (0.67 to 2.50) | 1.00 (ref) | .067 | .589 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (N = 618) | 1.29 (0.62 to 2.65) | 1.56 (0.66 to 3.71) | 1.86 (0.88 to 3.95) | 1.00 (ref) | .989 | |
| Non-working or retired (N = 573) | 1.42 (0.75 to 2.69) | 1.37 (0.64 to 2.96) | 1.50 (0.74 to 3.06) | 1.00 (ref) | .182 | .150 |
| Non-shift workers (N = 629) | 0.96 (0.32 to 2.90) | 2.30 (1.03 to 5.14) | 2.83 (1.36 to 5.89) | 1.00 (ref) | .979 | |
| Shift-workers (N = 328) | 0.32 (0.09 to 1.16) | 1.10 (0.18 to 6.67) | 0.41 (0.09 to 1.89) | 1.00 (ref) | .472 | |
| <45 years (N = 555) | 1.37 (0.36 to 5.29) | 2.85 (0.64 to 12.70) | 1.36 (0.35 to 5.30) | 1.00 (ref) | .759 | .799 |
| ≥45 years (N = 977) | 1.33 (0.80 to 2.21) | 1.69 (1.05 to 2.72) | 1.42 (0.83 to 2.41) | 1.00 (ref) | .057 | |
| Males (N = 510) | 1.93 (0.87 to 4.30) | 2.47 (1.04 to 5.85) | 1.18 (0.47 to 3.01) | 1.00 (ref) | .005 | .175 |
| Females (N = 1022) | 0.87 (0.40 to 1.90) | 1.51 (0.78 to 2.90) | 1.93 (1.07 to 3.46) | 1.00 (ref) | .386 | |
| Without other prevalent diseases* (N = 1379) | 1.02 (0.52 to 1.97) | 1.91 (1.09 to 3.33) | 1.62 (0.94 to 2.81) | 1.00 (ref) | .755 | |
All complex survey regression models are adjusted for age, sex, Hispanic/Latino background, study site, work schedule, income, education, depressive symptoms, midsleep point, sleep duration, sleep medication use, and, for the diabetes incidence analysis, follow-up time as an offset. Significant p-values are marked in bold. Quartile 1—least regular SRI, Quartile 4—most regular SRI. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio; OR, odds ratio.
*Prevalent diseases considered in this analysis were self-reported coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and chronic kidney disease.
† p-values for interaction from likelihood ratio tests.