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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 9.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Neurobiol. 2020;25:155–206. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_6

Table 2.

Dimensional models of schizophrenia: the three factor and five factor models

Three factor model
Positive Negative Disorganized
Delusions Blunted affect Conceptual disorganization
Hallucinations Emotional withdrawal Difficulty in abstract thinking
Grandiosity Poor rapport Abnormal mannerisms and posturing
Suspiciousness/persecution Passive/apathetic social withdrawal Poor attention
Unusual thought content Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation
Motor retardation
Five factor model
Positive Negative Disorganized Agitation and hostility Depression and anxiety
Delusions Blunted affect Conceptual disorganization Excitement Anxiety
Hallucinations Emotional Withdrawal Difficulty in abstract thinking Hostility Feelings of guilt
Grandiosity Poor rapport Poor attention Uncooperativeness Depression
Unusual thought content Passive/apathetic social withdrawal Poor impulse control
Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation