Table 2. Means and Standard Deviations of Acute Subjective Experiences and Persisting Effects among the Total Sample and among Those with Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Alcohol Misuse/AUD, or Drug Misuse/DUD as a Function of Whether Conditions Improved or Did Not Improve Following Mescaline Usea.
| depression (n = 184) |
anxiety (n = 210) |
PTSD (n = 72) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| variables | total sample (N = 452) | better (n = 159) | no change or worse (n = 25) | t-stat | d | better (n = 167) | no change or worse (n = 43) | t-stat | d | better (n = 55) | no change or worse (n = 17) | t-stat | d |
| psychological insight (PIQ) | 2.4(1.2) | 2.9(1.0) | 1.5(0.9) | –6.6*** | 1.5 | 3.0(0.9) | 1.7(1.0) | –8.5*** | 1.4 | 3.2(1.0) | 2.3(1.1) | –3.1*** | 0.9 |
| mystical-type effects (MEQ) | 3.2(1.1) | 3.5(1.0) | 2.2(1.0) | –6.0*** | 1.3 | 3.5(0.9) | 2.4(1.2) | –6.9*** | 1.0 | 3.7(0.8) | 2.7(1.4) | –3.7*** | 0.9 |
| challenging effects (CEQ) | 0.6(0.7) | 0.7(0.6) | 0.8(0.9) | 0.9 | NS | 0.7(0.6) | 0.9(0.9) | 1.8 | NS | 0.7(0.6) | 1.1(1.1) | 2.1* | 0.5 |
| ego dissolution (EDI) | 2.4(1.3) | 2.6(1.2) | 1.6(1.0) | –3.8*** | 1.0 | 2.7(1.2) | 1.7(1.0) | –4.8*** | 0.9 | 2.6(1.3) | 2.1(1.3) | –1.5 | NS |
| personal meaning | 4.6(1.4) | 4.9(1.3) | 3.6(1.3) | –4.5*** | 1.0 | 4.8(1.4) | 4.1(1.2) | –3.0** | 0.5 | 5.1(1.2) | 4.2(1.4) | –2.4* | 0.7 |
| spiritual significance | 4.4(1.9) | 4.9(1.6) | 3.3(1.8) | –4.5*** | 0.9 | 4.8(1.6) | 3.6(2.0) | –4.2*** | 0.7 | 4.8(1.4) | 4.5(2.0) | –0.7 | NS |
| psychologically challenging | 2.8(2.1) | 4.9(1.6) | 2.3(1.8) | –1.5 | NS | 2.8(2.0) | 2.5(2.1) | –0.8 | NS | 2.7(2.1) | 2.9(2.0) | 0.5 | NS |
| psychologically insightful | 4.1(1.7) | 4.7(1.6) | 2.9(1.5) | –5.4*** | 1.2 | 4.5(1.6) | 3.5(1.7) | –3.5** | 0.6 | 4.9(1.6) | 3.4(2.0) | –3.1** | 0.8 |
| well-being/life satisfaction | 2.1(1.1) | 2.5(0.7) | 0.7(0.9) | –10.6*** | 2.2 | 2.5(0.7) | 1.1(1.1) | –9.1*** | 1.5 | 2.5(0.8) | 1.5(1.4) | –3.6** | 0.9 |
| life’s purpose | 1.8(1.1) | 2.1(1.0) | 0.7(0.8) | –6.8*** | 1.6 | 2.2(1.0) | 1.0(1.0) | –6.8*** | 1.2 | 2.2(1.0) | 1.3(1.2) | –3.1** | 0.8 |
| life’s meaning | 1.8(1.2) | 2.0(1.1) | 0.6(0.7) | –6.0*** | 1.5 | 2.1(1.0) | 1.0(1.0) | –6.4*** | 1.1 | 2.3(1.0) | 1.2(1.1) | –3.9*** | 1.1 |
| social relationships | 1.6(1.3) | 2.0(1.0) | 0.6(0.8) | –6.5*** | 1.6 | 2.1(1.0) | 0.7(1.2) | –7.6*** | 1.3 | 2.2(0.9) | 1.5(1.2) | –2.7** | 0.7 |
| attitudes about life | 1.9(1.1) | 2.3(0.8) | 0.8(0.8) | –8.4*** | 1.9 | 2.3(0.8) | 1.1(1.2) | –7.8*** | 1.2 | 2.4(1.0) | 1.5(1.1) | –3.4** | 0.9 |
| attitudes about self | 1.8(1.1) | 2.0(1.0) | 0.8(0.8) | –6.4*** | 1.3 | 2.2(1.0) | 1.1(0.9) | –7.2*** | 1.2 | 2.3(1.1) | 1.5(1.2) | –2.6* | 0.7 |
| relationship to nature | 2.0(1.0) | 2.3(0.9) | 1.1(0.9) | –6.1*** | 1.3 | 2.4(0.9) | 1.3(1.1) | –6.5*** | 1.1 | 2.4(1.0) | 1.6(1.1) | –2.9** | 0.8 |
| behaviors | 1.5(1.1) | 1.9(1.0) | 0.5(0.8) | –6.9*** | 1.6 | 2.0(1.0) | 0.7(1.1) | –7.8*** | 1.2 | 2.2(1.0) | 1.1(1.2) | –3.5** | 1.0 |
| how spiritual you are | 1.6(1.2) | 1.9(1.1) | 0.6(0.8) | –5.8*** | 1.4 | 1.9(1.0) | 0.9(1.1) | –5.7*** | 1.0 | 2.0(1.2) | 1.1(1.2) | 2.8** | 0.8 |
| attitudes about death | 1.2(1.2) | 1.5(1.3) | 0.5(0.8) | –3.6*** | 0.9 | 1.5(1.2) | 0.5(0.8) | –5.2*** | 1.0 | 1.7(1.3) | 0.8(1.2) | –2.6* | 0.7 |
| views re: true nature of reality | 1.7(1.2) | 1.9(1.1) | 0.8(0.8) | –4.7*** | 1.1 | 2.0(1.1) | 1.1(1.2) | –4.4*** | 0.8 | 2.2(1.2) | 0.9(1.1) | –3.8*** | 1.1 |
a
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Note: Cohen’s d was calculated to estimate effect sizes and is interpreted as 0.2 = small, 0.5 = medium. 0.8 = large. Scores on the PIQ, MEQ, and CEQ range from 0 to 5, and ratings of subjective well-being can range from −3 to +3.