Table .
An Integrative Approach to the Treatment of Hypertension
| Intervention Category | Therapeutic Intervention | Daily Intake |
|---|---|---|
| Diet characteristics | DASH I, DASH II‐Na+, or PREMIER diet | Diet type |
| Sodium restriction | 1500 mg | |
| Potassium | 5000 mg | |
| Potassium/sodium ratio | >3:1 | |
| Magnesium | 1000 mg | |
| Zinc | 50 mg | |
| Macronutrients | Protein: Total intake from non‐animal sources, organic lean or wild animal protein, or coldwater fish | 30% of total calories/1.5–1.8 g/kg body weight |
| Whey protein | 30 g | |
| Soy protein (fermented sources are preferred) | 30 g | |
| Sardine muscle concentrate extract | 3 g | |
| Milk peptides (valyl prolyl proline and isoleucyl prolyl proline) | 30–60 mg | |
| Fat | 30% of total calories | |
| Omega‐3 fatty acids | 2–3 g | |
| Omega‐6 fatty acids | 1 g | |
| Omega‐9 fatty acids | 2–4 tablespoons of olive or nut oil or 10–20 olives | |
| Saturated fatty acids from wild game, bison, or other lean meat | <10% total calories | |
| Polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio | >2.0 | |
| Omega 3 to omega 6 ratio | 1.1–1.2 | |
| Synthetic trans fatty acids | None (completely remove from diet) | |
| Nuts in variety | Ad libidum | |
| Carbohydrates: as primarily complex carbohydrates and fiber | 40% of total calories | |
| Oatmeal or | 60 g | |
| Oatbran or | 40 g | |
| Beta‐glucan or | 3 g | |
| Psyllium | 7 g | |
| Specific foods | Garlic as fresh cloves or aged Kyolic garlic | 4 fresh cloves (4 g) or 600 mg aged garlic taken twice daily |
| Sea vegetables, specifically dried wakame | 3.0–3.5 g | |
| Lycopene as tomato products, guava, watermelon, apricots, pink grapefruit, papaya, or supplements | 10–20 mg | |
| Dark chocolate | 100 g | |
| Pomegranate juice or seeds | 8 oz or 1 cup | |
| Sesame | 60 mg sesamin or 2.5 g sesame meal | |
| Exercise | Aerobic | 20 min daily at 4200 KJ/wk |
| Resistance | 40 min/d | |
| Weight reduction |
Body mass index <25 Waist circumference: <35 in for women <40 in for men Total body fat: <22% for women <16% for men |
Lose 1–2 pounds per wk and increasing the proportion of lean muscle |
| Other lifestyle recommendations |
Alcohol restriction: Among the choice of alcohol red wine is preferred due to its vasoactive phytonutrients |
<20 g/d Wine <10 oz Beer <24 oz Liquor <2 oz |
| Caffeine restriction or elimination depending on CYP 450 type | <100 mg/d | |
| Tobacco and smoking | Stop | |
| Medical considerations | Medications that may increase blood pressure | Minimize use when possible, such as by using disease‐specific nutritional interventions |
| Supplemental foods and nutrients | Alpha lipoic acid with biotin | 100–200 mg twice daily |
| Amino acids: | ||
| Arginine | 5 g twice daily | |
| Carnitine | 1–2 g twice daily | |
| Taurine | 1–3 g twice daily | |
| Chlorogenic acids | 150–200 mg | |
| Coenzyme Q10 | 100 mg once to twice daily | |
|
Grape seed extract Hawthorne extract |
300 mg 500 mg twice a day |
|
|
Melatonin N‐acetyl cysteine Olive leaf extract (oleuropein) Pycnogenol Quercetin |
2.5 mg 500 mg twice a day 500 mg twice a day 200 mg 500 mg twice a day |
|
| Resveratrol (trans) | 250 mg | |
| Vitamin B6 | 100 mg once to twice daily | |
| Vitamin C | 250–500 mg twice daily | |
| Vitamin D3 | Dose to raise 25‐hydroxyvitamin D serum level to 60 ng/mL | |
| Vitamin E as mixed tocopherols | 400 IU |
Abbreviation: DASH, The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.