Table.

e-4. Quality of the randomized control trial studies.

Author, Year	Rando- mization?	Adequate Method of Rando- mization?	Concealed Treatment Allocation?	Participants and Providers Blinded to Group Assignment?	Assessors Blinded to Group Assign- ment?	Groups Similar at Baseline?	Overall Drop-out Rate <20% at Endpoint?	Differential Dropout Rate <15% at Endpoint?	High Adherence to Inter- vention?	Other Inter- ventions Avoided or Similar in Groups?	Were Outcomes Assessed Reliable and Consistent?	Was Sample Size Sufficiently Large to Detect a Difference in Main Outcome with >80% Power?	Were Outcomes Reported or Subgroups Prespecified?	Participants Analyzed to Group they were Originally Assigned?	Overall Quality
Karst et al., 2003 [56]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	GOOD
Wade et al., 2003 [58]	+	+	+	+	+	N/A	+	N/A	?	-	+	+	+	+	FAIR
Hagenbach et al., 2007 [55]	+	?	+	+	?	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	FAIR
Wilsey et al., 2008 [59]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	FAIR
Rintala et al., 2010 [57]	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	?	+	+	+	-	+	+	POOR
Pooyania et al., 2010 [77]	+	+	+	+	?	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	POOR
Wilsey et al., 2016 [60]	+	+	+	+	?	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	FAIR

N/A: not applicable, for study designs where the question could not be applied; ?: cannot be determined; +: yes; -: no.