Table.

e-5. Quality of the pre-/post-studies.

Author, Year	Clearly Stated Study Question?	Clearly Described Eligibility/ Selection Criteria for Study Population?	Were Participants Representative of the Clinical Population of Interest?	Were all Eligible Participants that Met the Prespecified Entry Criteria Enrolled?	Was the Sample Size Sufficiently Large?	Was the Intervention Clearly Described and Delivered Consistently Across the Study Population?	Were the Outcomes Measures Prespecified, Clearly Defined, Valid, Reliable, and Assessed Consistently?	Were the People Assessing the Outcomes Blinded to the Participants’ Exposures/Interventions?	Was the Loss to Follow-up after Baseline 20% of Less?	Did Statistical Methods Examine Changes in Outcome Measures from before to after Intervention? Did they Provide p-values?	Were Outcome Measures of Interest Taken Multiple Times before the Intervention and Multiple Times after the Intervention?	If the Intervention was Conducted at Group Level, did Statistical Analysis Take into Account the Use of Individual-level Data to Determine Effect at Group Level? Assigned?	Overall Quality
Kogel et al., 1995 [76]	+	+	+	NR	-	+	+	-	+	+/-	+	N/A	POOR

N/A: not applicable, for study designs where the question could not be applied; NR: not reported; +: yes; -: no.