Table 1.
Study populations, protocols, and study characteristics
| References | Publication status | Sample size n | Protocols | Baseline characteristics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention setting | Control setting | Outcomes | Age, years | PaO2:FiO2 ratio | Main reason for initiation of mechanical ventilation | Duration of intubation, days | |||
| Ferrer et al. [6] | Published | 162 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Reintubation 3. Respiratory failure |
NPPV: 72 (10) COT: 70 (11) |
NPPV: 278 (95) COT: 276 (94) |
Exacerbation of chronic respiratory disorders [30.2%] |
NPPV: 6 (4) COT: 7 (5) |
| Su et al. [33] | Published | 406 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU) 2. Reintubation 3. Respiratory failure |
NPPV: 65 (1) COT: 63 (1) |
NA | Postoperative respiratory failure [24.4%] | NA |
| Mohamed and Abdalla [32] | Published | 120 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU) |
NPPV: 64 (7) COT: 69 (7) |
NA | COPD [29.2%] |
NPPV: 6.2 (1.6) COT: 7.1 (1.8) |
| Ornico et al. [31] | Published | 38 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Reintubation |
NPPV: 51 (18) COT: 49 (22) |
NA | Pneumonia [84.2%] |
NPPV: 9.9 (8.1) COT: 9.5 (6.1) |
| Maggiore et al. [38] | Published | 105 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU) 2. Reintubation |
HFNC: 65 (18) COT 64 (17) |
HFNC: 239 (42) COT: 242 (51) |
Pneumonia [45.7%] |
HFNC: 4.6 (4.1) COT: 5.2 (3.7) |
| Hernández [15] | Published | 527 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Reintubation 3. Respiratory failure |
HFNC: 51 (13) COT: 52 (12) |
HFNC: 227 (25) COT: 237 (34) |
Urgent surgery [24.9%] |
HFNC: 1 [1–3]a COT: 2 [1–4]a |
| Hernandez et al. [36] | Published | 604 | NPPV | HFNC |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Reintubation 3. Respiratory failure |
NPPV: 64 (16) HFNC: 65 (15) |
NPPV: 194 (37) HFNC: 191 (34) |
Urgent surgery [31.5%] |
NPPV: 4 [2–8]a HFNC: 4 [2–9]a |
| Arman et al. [35] | Unpublished | 15 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (30 days) 2. Reintubation |
NA | NA | AHRF | NA |
| Fernandez et al. [14] | Published | 155 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU, In-hospital) 2. Reintubation 3. Respiratory failure |
HFNC: 67 (12) COT: 70 (13) |
NA | AHRF |
HFNC: 8.2 (5.9) COT: 7.4 (3.6) |
| Song et al. [37] | Published | 60 | HFNC | COT | 1. Reintubation |
HFNC: 66 (14) COT 71 (13) |
NA | Pneumonia [41.7%] |
HFNC: 5.5 (3.4) COT: 5.4 (2.8) |
| Thanthitaweewat et al. [34] | Published | 58 | NPPV | COT |
1. Mortality (28 days) 2. Reintubation |
NPPV: 63 (22) COT: 63 (19) |
NPPV: 330 (104) COT: 359 (179) |
Pneumonia [58.6%] |
NPPV: 4 [5]a COT: 7 [7]a |
| Cho et al. [39] | Published | 60 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-ICU, In-hospital) 2. Reintubation |
HFNC: 79 (8) COT 77 (7) |
HFNC: 272 (99) COT 297 (119) |
Pneumonia [66.7%] |
HFNC: 7.1 (4.7) COT 5.7 (5.2) |
| Hu et al. [40] | Published | 56 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Reintubation 3. Respiratory failure |
HFNC: 73 (13) COT 75 (11) |
HFNC: 320 (90) COT 279 (91) |
Pneumonia [39.3%] |
HFNC: 9 [6]a COT: 7 [4]a |
| Matsuda et al. [41] | Published | 69 | HFNC | COT | 1. Reintubation |
HFNC: 72 (18) COT 71 (16) |
HFNC: 227 (43) COT 216 (37) |
Pneumonia [53.6%] |
HFNC: 5 (2) COT 6 (3) |
| Theerawit et al. [42] | Published | 140 | HFNC | COT |
1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Reintubation 3. Respiratory failure |
HFNC: 68 (19) COT 71 (16) |
HFNC: 298 (96) COT 289 (114) |
Pneumonia [59.3%] |
HFNC: 6.9 (4.9) COT 6.2 (4.0) |
AHRF acute hypoxic respiratory failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COT conventional oxygen therapy, ICU intensive care unit, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, NPPV noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
Continuous data are shown as mean and standard deviation, except for data labeled with “a”
aData reported as median and IQR (interquartile range)