Table 3.
Association (linear regression) between preoperative sleep and postoperative pain.
| PROMIS Pain Intensity, β (SE) | PROMIS Pain Behavior, β (SE) | Pain Diary Worst Pain, β (SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep diary (self-reported) | |||
| WASO (minutes) | 0.16 (5.3) | 0.01 (8.8) | 0.48 (2.1) |
| TST (minutes) | 0.02 (5.8) | 0.91 (2.7)* | 0.01 (2.8) |
| Actigraphy (objective) | |||
| WASO (minutes) | 0.76 (2.1)** | 0.48 (3.2)* | 0.44 (2.2) |
| TST (minutes) | 0.01 (4.2) | 0.01 (4.5) | 0.93 (0.2)* |
| Insomnia Severity Index score | 0.01 (7.4) | 0.41 (4.9)* | 0.01 (2.9) |
| Insomnia risk: FIRST score | 0.44 (6.4) | 0.55 (4.3)** | 0.08 (2.9) |
*P < .05, **P < .01. FIRST = Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test; PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; TST = total sleep time; WASO = wake after sleep onset; β = regression coefficient (represents the slope of the linear relation of the predictor variable and the outcome variable).