Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline (PRE).
|
NUTR (n = 16) mean ± SD |
EX (n = 19) mean ± SD |
NUTR+EX (n = 21) mean ± SD |
ALL (n = 56) mean ± SD |
P value ANOVA |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/F (n/n) | 8/8 | 9/10 | 11/10 | 28/28 | |
| Age (years) | 69.3 ± 3.4 | 68.8 ± 3.8 | 69.7 ± 4.6 | 69.3 ± 4.0 | 0.769 |
| Anthropometry | |||||
| Height (m) | 1.69 ± 0.10 | 1.68 ± 0.10 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.68 ± 0.09 | 0.933 |
| Body mass (kg) | 79.0 ± 8.8 | 72.5 ± 11.6 | 75.1 ± 13.0 | 75.3 ± 11.5 | 0.255 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 28.0 ± 4.4 | 25.8 ± 3.6 | 26.3 ± 3.0 | 26.6 ± 3.7 | 0.197 |
| Body composition | |||||
| Body fat (%) | 33.8 ± 11.7 | 33.4 ± 7.5 | 34.0 ± 5.8 | 33.8 ± 8.2 | 0.978 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 26.36 ± 11.13 | 23.28 ± 6.50 | 24.47 ± 5.83 | 24.61 ± 7.84 | 0.519 |
| LBM (kg) | 49.92 ± 7.29 | 46.22 ± 9.05 | 47.66 ± 9.34 | 47.82 ± 8.67 | 0.459 |
| ALM (kg) | 22.28 ± 3.51 | 20.51 ± 4.76 | 22.11 ± 4.77 | 21.24 ± 4.42 | 0.501 |
| Strength/physical function | |||||
| 1RM leg press (kg) | 129.9 ± 32.5 | 129.6 ± 56.1 | 129.4 ± 39.7 | 129.6 ± 43.6 | 0.999 |
| 1RM chest press (kg) | 40.8 ± 16.8 | 39.4 ± 15.4 | 41.9 ± 16.0 | 40.7 ± 15.8 | 0.887 |
| Hand-grip strength (kg) | 31.9 ± 11.9 | 32.3 ± 11.7 | 31.7 ± 9.1 | 32.0 ± 10.6 | 0.984 |
| Gait speed (m s−1) | 1.97 ± 0.44 | 1.72 ± 0.35 | 1.96 ± 0.32 | 1.88 ± 0.38 | 0.077 |
| Sit-to-stand (s) | 10.64 ± 3.71 | 11.76 ± 2.32 | 10.85 ± 1.94 | 11.09 ± 2.67 | 0.422 |
1RM, one-repetition maximum; ALM, appendicular lean mass; BMI, body mass index; LBM, lean body mass; M/F, male/female. P values are reported from one-way ANOVA between groups.