Table 1:

Demographic characteristics of respondents who avoid dietary gluten based on results from the Canadian Community Health Survey — Nutrition, 2015

Characteristic	Dietary gluten avoidance, % ± SE	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Sex
Male, n = 9744	1.3 ± 0.2	Reference
Female, n = 10 733	2.5 ± 0.3	2.08 (1.32 to 3.27)
Age, yr
2–17, n = 5839	0.9 ± 0.2	0.38 (0.23 to 0.63)
18–49, n = 6543	2.3 ± 0.4	Reference
≥ 50, n = 7724	1.9 ± 0.2	0.80 (0.54 to 1.17)
Province or region
Atlantic provinces, n = 5308	2.9 ± 0.4	Reference
Quebec, n = 3204	1.5 ± 0.3	0.52 (0.31 to 0.87)
Ontario, n = 4228	1.5 ± 0.3	0.55 (0.32 to 0.94)
Prairies, n = 5146	2.4 ± 0.3	0.84 (0.54 to 1.29)
British Columbia, n = 2591	2.7 ± 0.7	0.99 (0.51 to 1.95)
Household education
Less than secondary school, n = 1780	1.6 ± 0.5	Reference
Postsecondary school, n = 3754	1.5 ± 0.3	0.83 (0.35 to 1.93)
Postsecondary degree or diploma, n = 14 903	2.0 ± 0.2	1.14 (0.50 to 2.62)
Ethnicity
White, n = 16 127	2.1 ± 0.2	Reference
Racialized or Indigenous, n = 3369	1.4 ± 0.5	0.68 (0.33 to 1.43)
Household income adequacy
Lowest to lower middle, n = 1318	1.6 ± 0.5	Reference
Middle to upper middle, n = 8496	1.5 ± 0.2	0.83 (0.35 to 1.96)
Highest, n = 10 663	2.2 ± 0.3	1.21 (0.52 to 2.86)

Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, SE = standard error.