Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the sample and markers of psychological problems.
| Country | n | Gender | Age | Psychological diagnosis | Psychological effect of COVID-19 | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | DASS-Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F% | M (SD) | Range | yes % | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| Algeria | 264 | 67.9 | 32.58 (10.35) | 18-69 | 4.2 | 3.36 (2.20) | 9.74 (9.70) | 8.20 (9.00) | 11.99 (10.63) | 29.94 (27.25) |
| Argentina | 163 | 74.8 | 37.50 (11.67) | 18-70 | 11.0 | 3.86 (2.06) | 8.88 (9.47) | 7.45 (8.35) | 12.52 (10.01) | 28.85 (25.27) |
| Australia | 63 | 85.7 | 44.19 (10.65) | 18-73 | 15.9 | 3.71 (1.88) | 8.19 (8.13) | 5.46 (6.39) | 13.56 (9.65) | 27.21 (20.87) |
| Bangladesh | 344 | 39.8 | 25.35 (7.41) | 18-78 | 0 | 4.12 (2.17) | 13.30 (9.24) | 12.63 (9.14) | 15.01 (9.61) | 40.94 (25.87) |
| Brazil | 386 | 75.6 | 37.94 (12.71) | 18-77 | 22.8 | 4.86 (1.91) | 12.13 (10.47) | 6.61 (7.68) | 12.89 (10.21) | 31.63 (25.76) |
| Canada | 394 | 52.4 | 36.80 (13.23) | 18-84 | 15.7 | 4.26 (1.87) | 11.36 (10.34) | 6.75 (7.61) | 13.18 (9.95) | 31.28 (25.02) |
| Colombia | 130 | 88.5 | 39.54 (12.27) | 18-70 | 11.5 | 3.94 (2.08) | 10.92 (10.50) | 8.38 (9.89) | 15.58 (11.12) | 34.89 (28.46) |
| Egypt | 293 | 71.0 | 37.23 (11.50) | 18-84 | 2.7 | 3.48 (1.77) | 10.62 (9.68) | 7.45 (8.13) | 12.31 (10.03) | 30.38 (25.18) |
| France | 442 | 78.7 | 46.60 (11.65) | 18-81 | 3.6 | 3.35 (1.90 | 10.01 (9.79) | 5.06 (6.61) | 12.89 (10.56) | 28.00 (23.51) |
| Germany | 296 | 69.3 | 40.78 (15.04) | 18-79 | 5.1 | 2.95 (1.85) | 5.99 (7.73) | 2.71 (5.02) | 8.78 (8.86) | 17.48 (18.67) |
| Hungary | 282 | 89.3 | 37.36 (12.40) | 18-71 | 7.1 | 4.22 (1.92) | 9.22 (9.73) | 7.10 (7.95) | 15.03 (9.89) | 31.35 (23.83) |
| India | 602 | 56.7 | 25.75 (7.94) | 18-85 | 1.0 | 2.68 (1.90) | 6.41 (7.53) | 6.19 (7.06) | 6.90 (7.60) | 19.50 (20.41) |
| Indonesia | 289 | 73.0 | 24.78 (9.46) | 18-59 | 4.2 | 3.62 (1.99) | 7.74 (7.76) | 7.47 (7.40) | 12.53 (9.18) | 27.74 (22.26) |
| Italy | 536 | 75.9 | 34.50 (14.67) | 18-80 | 4.7 | 4.00 (1.94) | 10.98 (7.91) | 5.62 (6.34) | 13.24 (8.31) | 29.84 (19.20) |
| Lebanon | 329 | 65.3 | 28.34 (11.59) | 18-69 | 10.6 | 4.19 (2.07) | 13.62 (11.32) | 9.57 (9.55) | 15.74 (10.54) | 38.93 (28.32) |
| Mexico | 717 | 80.3 | 40.76 (13.34) | 18-80 | 9.6 | 3.60 (2.10) | 8.26 (9.01) | 6.60 (8.28) | 13.55 (9.82) | 28.42 (24.72) |
| New Zealand | 73 | 80.8 | 44.89 (11.30) | 20-74 | 41.1 | 4.03 (1.97) | 11.51 (10.55) | 7.34 (9.01) | 15.23 (9.66) | 34.08 (25.49) |
| Nigeria | 435 | 31.5 | 33.34 (8.67) | 19-64 | 0 | 3.10 (2.01) | 5.53 (7.49) | 5.00 (7.24) | 6.57 (8.04) | 17.10 (21.23) |
| Pakistan | 426 | 61.3 | 28.59 (10.33) | 18-80 | 1.4 | 3.42 (2.03) | 11.54 (9.31) | 10.02 (8.79) | 13.37 (9.22) | 34.93 (25.53) |
| Poland | 332 | 81.6 | 32.69 (12.18) | 18-82 | 17.2 | 4.66 (1.92) | 12.59 (11.42) | 8.90 (9.45) | 17.36 (11.08) | 38.85 (28.83) |
| Portugal | 522 | 72.4 | 38.93 (12.20) | 18-75 | 6.9 | 4.23 (1.85) | 7.49 (7.49) | 5.26 (7.20) | 13.36 (9.88) | 26.11 (22.06) |
| Romania | 557 | 70.7 | 32.78 (11.59) | 18-69 | 2.0 | 3.18 (1.84) | 8.30 (8.54) | 6.02 (7.73) | 11.16 (9.66) | 25.48 (23.16) |
| Russia | 324 | 89.8 | 44.38 (11.03) | 19-79 | 5.2 | 3.79 (1.99) | 9.19 (8.41) | 6.23 (6.96) | 14.17 (9.62) | 29.59 (21.72) |
| Slovenia | 1345 | 83.2 | 34.39 (13.67) | 18-81 | 5.5 | 3.86 (2.05) | 10.39 (10.34) | 5.85 (7.60) | 14.08 (10.74) | 30.33 (25.96) |
| Spain | 723 | 77.0 | 36.51 (11.81) | 18-73 | 11.5 | 3.86 (2.03) | 9.04 (9.51) | 6.47 (7.66) | 13.04 (9.29) | 28.55 (23.79) |
| Sweden | 314 | 84.3 | 41.05 (12.23) | 20-75 | 11.5 | 3.86 (1.95) | 9.60 (8.61) | 3.79 (6.46) | 11.34 (8.57) | 24.73 (19.61) |
| Thailand | 422 | 35.1 | 34.23 (10.83) | 18-70 | 4.0 | 3.51 (1.75) | 5.54 (7.17) | 4.92 (6.24) | 8.96 (8.17) | 19.42 (20.20) |
| Turkey | 322 | 60.9 | 27.27 (8.59) | 18-61 | 6.2 | 4.19 (2.11) | 12.97 (10.36) | 8.55 (8.00) | 14.35 (10.23) | 35.87 (25.86) |
| United Kingdom | 514 | 88.1 | 42.33 (15.22) | 18-76 | 25.7 | 4.47 (1.92) | 15.06 (11.80) | 10.66 (11.04) | 18.42 (11.75) | 44.14 (31.58) |
| United States | 364 | 78.6 | 44.37 (12.33) | 18-77 | 23.1 | 4.18 (2.01) | 11.56 (11.09) | 6.81 (8.14) | 13.93 (10.99) | 32.30 (27.23) |
| Total | 12.203 | 71.3 | 35.52 (13.21) | 18-85 | 8.3 | 3.79 (2.03) | 9.81 (9.70) | 6.80 (8.07) | 12.90 (10.15) | 29.52 (25.18) |