Table 2. Findings of included studies.
| Author, Year | Instrument | Results | Time assessment | Success in the evaluation, n (%) | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al. (2020) | FIM | Pre-Intervention: FIM score CG: 109.3 ± 10.7; IG: 109.2 ± 13 Post-intervention: FIM score CG: 108.9 ± 10.1; IG: 109.4 ± 11.1 |
Before and after pulmonary rehabilitation | 72 (78.2%) | Six-week respiratory rehabilitation can improve respiratory function, QoL, and anxiety, but does not improve the FIM score of elderly patients with COVID-19 |
| Bousquet et al. (2020) | ADL Score | ADL score ≤ 5/6: 54 (50%) IADL score ≤ 3/4: 68 (63%) |
Before hospitalization | 108 (90%) | ADL-dependency before hospitalization, serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH, and the absence of anticoagulation were the factors independently associated with 1-month mortality in older inpatients with COVID-19 |
| Sakai et al. (2020) | BI | RRG: BI mobility score 15; total score 90 DRG: BI mobility score 10 (range 0–15); total BI score 70 (range 0–85) |
At hospital discharge (before and after rehabilitation) | 43 (97.7%) | Both mobility and total BI scores improved in both groups after intervention |
| Zerah et al. (2020) | ADL Score | Mean ADL score 4 (IQR2-6) ADL score (Non-survivors) 3 (IQR 1–6) ADL score (Survivors) 4.5 (IQR 2–6) |
During hospital stay | 821 (93.5%) | Hospital mortality was associated with lower ADL scores (ADL < 4) |
| Curci et al. (2020) | BI | Total BI score: 45.2 ± 27.6 FIO2 ≥ 21% and <40% (n = 13) BI score 53.3 ± 29.3 FiO2 ≥ 40% and <60% (n = 19) BI score: 39.6 ± 25.7 |
At admission to the rehabilitation unit | 32 (88.8%) | COVID-19 patients had severe disability. Only 14 were able to walk |
| Belli et al. (2020) | BI | At entry rehabilitation institute: 67%: ≤60 BI score At discharge rehabilitation institute: 47.5%: ≤60 BI score |
At entry and discharge of rehabilitation institute | 103 (89.5%) | Physical functioning and performance of ADLs were still significantly impaired at discharge to their home |
| Mcloughlin et al. (2020) | CFS | Pre Delirium: 153/166 CFS score Post Delirium: 97/166 CFS score |
During hospital stay and 4 weeks after hospital discharge | 71 (86.59%) | Delirium was associated with functional impairments in the mid-term |
| Agarwal et al. (2020) | mRS | LCM: 5 (IQR 4–5) mRS score OMRIBF: 4 (IQR 2–5) mRS score |
At hospital discharge | 115 (100%) | LCM was associated with critical illness, mortality and worse functional outcome in patients with COVID-19 |
| Halpin et al. (2020) | EQ-5D-5L | 22ICUG participants (22%) experiencing new problems in mobility, self-care or usual activities. | Mean 48 ± 10.3 days post hospital discharge | 100 (100%) | COVID-19 was associated with illness-related fatigue, breathlessness and psychological distress leading to a significant drop in quality of life |
Note:
Abbreviations: ADL: Activities of daily living; BI: Barthel Index; CFS: Composite Functional Score; CG: control group; CT: computerized tomography; DRG: direct rehabilitation group; FIM: Functional Independence Measure; IADL: Instrumental Activities of daily living; ICUG: Intensive care unit group; IG: intervention group; IQR: Inter-quartile range; LCM: Leukoencephalopathy and/or Cerebral Microbleeds; LDH: Lactate Dehydrogenase; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale; NI: no intervention; NR: not reported; OMRIBF: Other Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Findings; qSOFA: quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; RRG: remote rehabilitation group.