Table 2. Characteristics associated with seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 in Lambayeque, Peru.
| Characteristics | PRc | CI 95% | PR(a) | CI 95% with p-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signs/symptoms | Model I | |||
| Fever/chills | 2.21 | [1.89–2.59] | 1.41 | [1.09–1.82] p = 0.008 |
| General malaise | 2.02 | [1.71–2.38] | 1.28 | [0.99–1.65] p = 0.059 |
| Cough | 1.87 | [1.59–2.20] | 1.44 | [1.16–1.78] p = 0.001 |
| Sore throat | 1.40 | [1.15–1.72] | 0.92 | [0.73–1.18] p = 0.511 |
| Nasal congestion | 1.59 | [1.26–2.09] | 1.05 | [0.80–1.38] p = 0.728 |
| Shortness of breath | 1.83 | [1.36–2.45] | 0.83 | [0.57–1.21] p = 0.340 |
| Diarrhea | 2.10 | [1.62–2.71] | 1.12 | [0.83–1.53] p = 0.439 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 1.99 | [1.39–2.85] | 1.16 | [0.74–1.80] p = 0.537 |
| Headache | 1.43 | [1.17–1.74] | 0.89 | [0.71–1.12] p = 0.339 |
| Irritability/confusion | 0.83 | [0.35–1.98] | 0.40 | [0.20–0.79] p = 0.009 |
| Dysosmia | 2.92 | [2.45–3.46] | 1.69 | [1.15–2.48] p = 0.007 |
| Dysgeusia | 2.96 | [2.49–3.52] | 1.22 | [0.84–1.78] p = 0.304 |
| Muscle pain | 1.56 | [1.18–2.08] | 1.02 | [0.76–1.39] p = 0.880 |
| Abdominal pain | 1.71 | [1.07–2.74] | 1.14 | [0.70–1.83] p = 0.602 |
| Chest pain | 2.02 | [1.54–2.64] | 1.49 | [1.09–2.05] p = 0.014 |
| Backache | 1.89 | [1.41–2.53] | 1.45 | [1.05–1.99] p = 0.022 |
| Co-morbility | Model II | |||
| Pregnancy | 1.28 | [0.73–2.22] | 1.25 | [0.72–2.17] p = 0.429 |
| Hypertension | 0.83 | [0.62–1.11] | 0.84 | [0.62–1.13] p = 0.246 |
| Diabetes | 0.90 | [0.65–1.26] | 0.93 | [0.66–1.30] p = 0.663 |
| Liver disease | 0.53 | [0.15–1.89] | 0.55 | [0.16–1.92] p = 0.344 |
| Renal disease | 1.18 | [0.69–2.02] | 1.19 | [0.69–2.03] p = 0.533 |
| COPD | 0.62 | [0.28–1.37] | 0.63 | [0.28–1.39] p = 0.930 |
| Cancer | 1.01 | [0.44–2.30] | 1.04 | [0.45–2.40] p = 0.250 |
| Obesity | 0.97 | [0.75–1.24] | 0.96 | [0.75–1.24] p = 0.770 |
| Behavior | Model III | |||
| Isolation | 0.80 | [0.69–0.93] | 0.80 | [0.69–0.92] p = 0.273 |
| Travel* | 0.98 | [0.68–1.42] | 0.79 | [0.54–1.16] p = 0.472 |
| Been in healthcare facility* | 1.34 | [0.98–1.83] | 1.12 | [0.80–1.55] p = 0.000 |
| Contact with ARI* | 2.06 | [1.74–2.44] | 1.60 | [1.27–2.00] p = 0.001 |
| Contact with confirmed case (14 previous days) | 1.88 | [1.58–2.25] | 1.51 | [1.21–1.89] p = 0.001 |
| Been to market* | 1.40 | [1.21–1.61] | 1.26 | [1.09–1.46] p = 0.001 |
Notes:
*
In the 14 days before taking the sample.
ARI: Acute respiratory infection. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Estimation carried out by complex samplings, prevalence ratios obtained with generalized linear models with Poisson family, and logarithmic link. PR: Prevalence ratio. C: raw, a: adjusted. CI: Confidence interval.
Model I: Number of strata = 38; Number of PSUs = 2,010; Degree of freedom (df) = 1,972; F(16,1957) = 22.59; Prob > F = 0.000.
Model II: Number of strata = 38; Number of PSUs = 2,010; Degree of freedom (df) = 1,972; F(8,1965) = 0.65; Prob > F = 0.7316.
Model III: Number of strata = 38; Number of PSUs = 2,010; Degree of freedom (df) = 1,972; F(5,1968) = 20.02; Prob > F = 0.0000.