Table 1.
Description of Studies and Study Conditions Included in the Meta-Analysis on Contingency Management (CM)
| Study | N | Treatment condition (n) | Comparison condition (n) | CM duration | Prize (P) or voucher(V) | Escalation with reset | Fading | Frequency | Immediate reinforcers | Reinforcer magnitude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants recruited from a setting other than a medication assisted treatment clinic | ||||||||||
| Alessi et al., 2007 | 103 | CM (46) | SC-IOP (57) | 12 weeks | P | Y | Y | 2 | Y | $248 |
| Chudzynski et al., 2015 | 119 | CM (30) | SC-Matrix (29) | 16 weeks | V | Y | N | 3 | Y | $1,155 |
| CM (32) | V | Y | N | N | ||||||
| CM (28) | V | Y | N | N | ||||||
| Hagedorn et al., 2013 | 141 | CM (71) | SC-IOP (70) | 8 weeks | V | Y | N | 2 | Y | $157 |
| Jones et al., 2005 | 130 | CM living expenses (66) | SC (64) | 12 weeks | V | N | Y | 7 | N | $2,294 |
| McDonell et al., 2013 | 176 | CM (91) | SC + NC prizes (85) | 12 weeks | P | Y | N | 3 | Y | $588 |
| Petry et al., 2005 | 142 | CM (53) | SC-IOP (38) | 12 weeks | V | Y | Y | 3 | Y | $456 |
| CM (51) | P | Y | Y | Y | $543 | |||||
| Petry et al., 2006 | 84 | CM (44) | SC-IOP (40) | 12 weeks | P | Y | Y | 3 | Y | $470 |
| Petry et al., 2010 | 170 | CM (89) | TSF + NC prizes (81) | 24 weeks | P | Y | N | 1 | Y | $400 |
| Petry et al., 2011 | 239 | CM (117) | SC-IOP (122) | 12 weeks | P | Y | N | 2 | Y | $462 |
| Petry, Barry, et al., 2012 | 109 | CM (35) | SC-IOP (34) | 12 weeks | P | Y | Y | 3 | Y | $250 |
| CM (40) | P | Y | Y | Y | $560 | |||||
| Petry, Barry, et al., 2012 second sample | 226 | CM (118) | SC-IOP (108) | 12 weeks | P | Y | Y | 3 | Y | $250 |
| Rawson et al., 2006 | 118 | CM (60) | CBT (58) | 16 weeks | V | Y | N | 3 | Y | $989 |
| Roll et al., 2006 | 113 | CM (51) | SC (62) | 12 weeks | P | Y | N | 2 | Y | $420 |
| Roll et al., 2013 | 118 | CM (29) | SC-Matrix (29) | 16 weeks | P | Y | N | 3 | Y | $250 |
| CM 2 month (30) | 8 weeks | Y | ||||||||
| CM 1 month (30) | 1 wk | Y | ||||||||
| Shoptaw et al., 2005 | 82 | CM (42) | CBT (40) | 16 weeks | V | Y | N | 3 | Y | $1,278 |
| Participants recruited from a medication assisted treatment clinic (all were methadone maintenance clinics) | ||||||||||
| Brooner et al., 2007 | 118 | CM (59) | SC (59) | 24 weeks | V | Y | N | 1 | Y | $3,201 |
| Epstein et al., 2003 | 96 | CM (47) | SC + NC vouchers (49) | 12 weeks | V | Y | N | 3 | Y | $1,155 |
| Iguchi et al., 1997 | 62 | CM (27) | SC (35) | 12 weeks | V | N | N | 3 | N | $180 |
| Peirce et al., 2006 | 388 | CM (190) | SC (198) | 12 weeks | P | Y | N | 2 | Y | $400 |
| Petry, Alessi, et al., 2012 | 130 | CM (71) | SC (59) | 12 weeks | P | Y | N | 3 | Y | $381 |
| Petry et al., 2015 | 240 | CM (63) | SC (57) | 12 weeks | V | Y | N | 3 | Y | $900 |
| CM (62) | P | Y | N | Y | $900 | |||||
| CM (58) | P | Y | N | Y | $300 | |||||
| Preston et al., 2002 | 110 | CM take home doses (55) | NC take home doses (55) | 12 weeks | V | N | N | 3 | N | $360 |
| Rawson et al., 2002 | 54 | CM (27) | SC (27) | 16 weeks | V | Y | N | 3 | Y | $1,278 |
| Silverman et al., 2004 | 52 | CM take home doses (26) | SC (26) | 52 weeks | V | Y | N | 3 | Y | $5,800 |
Note. Frequency refers to the maximum number of times that reinforcement could be earned per week. Reinforcement magnitude refers to the maximum monetary value that could be earned per participant during treatment. CBT = cognitive-behavioral therapy; SC = standard care or treatment as usual; IOP = intensive outpatient treatment; Y = yes; N = no; NC = noncontingent incentives; TSF = 12-step facilitation.