Table 2.
Social Determinant of HealthA | Operationalization of the SDOHB |
---|---|
Individual-level stratifiers (k=28): | |
Childhood SES only (5) | Family income or poverty status (4); TANF (3); financial strain (3); parental education (3); parental occupation (2); parental unemployment (2); single parent household (1). |
Adulthood SES only (6) | Family income (3); financial strain (2); education (3); occupation (1); housing tenure (1); and area-level deprivation (3). |
SES across the lifecourse (11) | Childhood: occupation (5); parental education (3); family income (1); single-parent household (1). Adulthood: education (6), occupation (4), family income (4); wealth (1); employment status (1); financial strain (1). Trajectories: occup.-->occup. (3), educ./assets-->educ. (2). |
Sociodemographics as stratification proxy (7) | Race/ethnicity (5); sex/gender (5); geography (1). |
Traumas (k=26): | |
Unspecified (2) | As assessed in PTSD screening (2). |
Genocide (2) | Holocaust survivor or offspring of survivor (1); Rwanda genocide survivor (1). |
Discrimination (3) | Perceived racism (2); perceived discrimination (2); Moderator: social support (1). |
Early life adversity: ACEs/SES (19) | Physical, sexual, emotional abuse, or maltreatment (15); parental illness (6); parental separation (4); and included childhood SES in measure of adversity (5). Moderators: parenting repetoire (3); social support (1). |
Workplace exposures (k=6): | |
Physical environment/toxicants (3) | PAHs in brickmaking (1); carbon nanotubes in engineering (1); mercury in dentistry (1). |
Social environment (3) | Shiftwork (2); job strain (1). |
Neighborhood exposures (k=15): | |
Physical toxicants (n=6) | Air pollution (3); microbial environment (1); proximity to heavy metal mining (1) or PCB manufacturing (1). |
Social and economic environment (9) | Neighborhood deprivation (5); community crime (2) or violence (1); worse social environment [aesthetics, safety, and cohesion] (1). |
the number of papers that included that SDOH domain as a primary focus in the epigenetic analysis.
the number of times the SDOH was captured via that particular measure.