Table 1.
Sample Characteristics and Associations with High Perceived Stress (PSS Score ≥6) among Adult Women (Aged 24–34 Years)
| White Women (N=3,383) | Black Women (N=1,391) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) with Elevated Perceived Stress | PR (95% CI) | PD (95% CI) | N (%) with Elevated Perceived Stress | PR (95% CI) | PD (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 24–28 Years | 612 (41.3) | Ref | 287 (48.9) | Ref | ||
| 29–35 Years | 677 (36.3) | 0.88 (0.78, 0.99) | −4.97 (−9.71, −0.23) | 351 (48.2) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | −0.78 (−7.67, 6.10) |
| Education | ||||||
| Less than High School | 105 (63.4) | Ref | 57 (67.2) | Ref | ||
| High School Graduate | 200 (43.7) | 0.70 (0.60, 0.83)a | −19.65 (−31.09, −8.21) | 84 (53.0) | 0.75 (0.63, 0.88)a | −14.22 (−30.19, 1.74) |
| Some College | 526 (45.1) | 0.70 (0.62, 0.80)a | −18.24 (−27.14, −9.33) | 287 (51.0) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.85)a | −16.22 (−29.98, −2.46) |
| College Graduate or More | 458 (28.8) | 0.46 (0.40, 0.53)a | −34.52 (−43.57, −25.47) | 210 (38.4) | 0.49 (0.43, 0.55)a | −28.79 (−40.84, −16.74) |
| Poverty during Young Adulthood | ||||||
| No | 1017 (35.9) | Ref | 483 (47.8) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 272 (54.4) | 1.51 (1.32, 1.73)a | 18.46 (11.49, 25.43)b | 155 (50.8) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23)a | 3.09 (−4.28, 10.46)b |
| Poverty during Adulthood | ||||||
| No | 888 (33.1) | Ref | 409 (42.7) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 401 (63.4) | 1.91 (1.75, 2.09)a | 30.29 (25.68, 34.90)b | 229 (62.0) | 1.45 (1.20, 1.76)a | 19.29 (9.02, 29.57)b |
| History of Childhood Trauma | ||||||
| No | 644 (31.3) | Ref | 243 (39.2) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 645 (50.1) | 1.60 (1.44, 1.77) | 18.78 (14.56, 22.99) | 395 (55.9) | 1.42 (1.23, 1.65) | 16.67 (10.32, 23.02) |
| History of Criminal Justice Involvement | ||||||
| No | 945 (36.6) | Ref | 460 (46.2) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 344 (45.9) | 1.25 (1.12, 1.40) | 9.32 (4.53, 14.11) | 178 (55.0) | 1.19 (1.00, 1.42) | 8.84 (−0.27, 17.95) |
| History of Intimate Partner Violence | ||||||
| No | 969 (35.6) | Ref | 420 (42.7) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 320 (53.7) | 1.51 (1.34, 1.70) | 18.16 (12.50, 23.83) | 218 (63.8) | 1.50 (1.30 1.72) | 21.13 (13.58, 28.68) |
| Everyday Discrimination | ||||||
| Never/Rarely | 834 (32.3) | Ref | 389 (43.1) | Ref | ||
| Sometimes/Often | 455 (60.0) | 1.86 (1.69, 2.03)a | 27.66 (23.13, 32.20)b | 249 (60.9) | 1.41 (1.19, 1.68)a | 17.80 (8.84, 26.75)b |
| Depression during Adolescence | ||||||
| No | 924 (35.3) | Ref | 432 (44.9) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 365 (53.0) | 1.50 (1.34, 1.69)a | 17.75 (12.13, 22.37) | 206 (58.8) | 1.31 (1.14, 1.50)a | 13.86 (6.55, 21.17) |
| Depression during Young Adulthood | ||||||
| No | 1030 (35.3) | Ref | 464 (43.6) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 259 (63.5) | 1.80 (1.61, 2.01) | 28.18 (21.73, 34.64) | 174 (70.0) | 1.61 (1.38, 1.87) | 26.44 (17.73, 35.14) |
| Elevated (≥12) Neurotic Personality Traits Score | ||||||
| No | 413 (30.3) | Ref | 316 (44.9) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 876 (44.7) | 1.47 (1.32, 1.65)a | 14.34 (10.32, 18.37)b | 322 (52.6) | 1.17 (1.04, 1.33)a | 7.69 (1.64, 13.73)b |
Abbreviations: PR = Prevalence Ratio; PD = Prevalence Difference; CI = Confidence Interval
a
Significant (p value ≤0.15) differences in the association between White and Black women on the multiplicative scale
b
Significant (p value ≤0.15) differences in the association between White and Black women on the additive scale