Fig. 3.

Survival function showing time to progression to dementia measured in months and survival probability. Survival curves are shown for each class, with No NPS class as the reference class in A. cognitively normal (CN) and B. mild cognitive impairment (MCI) groups. All models are adjusted for covariates, including age, sex, Mini-Mental State Exam score (MMSE), and apolipoprotein E-ε4 carrier status (ApoE4). A. In CN, after adjusting for covariates, Agitated/Irritable class had significantly elevated risk for progression to dementia, compared with No NPS class. There was no significant difference between Depressed/Anxious and No NPS classes in their risk for progression to dementia. B. In MCI, after adjusting for covariates, both Depressed/Irritable and Complex classes had significantly greater risk of progression to dementia, compared with No NPS class.

HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval