(A-I) Relative levels of metabolites related to carbohydrate metabolism in oocytes at different stages. (J) Schematic diagram of TCA cycle and pyruvate oxidation during oocyte maturation, derived from metabolomics and proteomics. Metabolites increased in maturing oocytes are indicated by red filled triangles. The blue filled and empty triangles denote metabolic enzymes that were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. (K-O) Relative abundance of the representative enzymes (IDH3A, OGDH, SDHB, MDH2, and PDHA1) involved in TCA cycle and pyruvate oxidation. Error bars, SD. Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis in all panels, comparing to GV. n.s., not significant. See also Figures S11-S12.