Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients With Steatotic and Nonsteatotic Small HCC Nodules Treated by PTA
| Characteristic | Steatotic HCC | Nonsteatotic HCC | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | n = 52 | n = 183 | |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 65.3 ± 9.1 | 64.7 ± 9.9 | 0.69 |
| Sex (n [%]) | |||
| Male | 41 (78.9%) | 145 (79.2%) | 1 |
| Female | 11 (21.1%) | 38 (20.8%) | |
| ASA score (n [%]) | |||
| 1‐2 | 31 (59.6%) | 87 (47.5%) | 0.12 |
| 3‐4 | 21 (40.4%) | 96 (52.5%) | |
| Diabetes (n [%]) | |||
| No | 28 (53.8%) | 112 (61.2%) | 0.34 |
| Yes | 24 (46.2%) | 71 (38.8%) | |
| Metformin treatment (n [%]) | 10 (19.2%) | 32 (17.5%) | 0.77 |
| Statin treatment (n [%]) | 9 (17.3%) | 29 (15.8%) | 0.83 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 27.8 ± 5.3 | 27.4 ± 5 | 0.56 |
| Prior treatment for HCC (n [%]) | |||
| Naive patient | 26 (50%) | 86 (47%) | 0.7 |
| Yes | 26 (50%) | 97 (53%) | |
| Liver disease | |||
| Cirrhosis (n [%]) | |||
| No | 3 (5.8%) | 15 (8.2%) | 0.56 |
| Yes | 49 (94.2%) | 168 (91.8%) | |
| Causes of liver disease (n [%]) | |||
| Alcohol (with or without viral hepatitis) | 28 (53.8%) | 103 (56.3%) | 0.24 |
| Viral hepatitis B or C | 10 (19.2%) | 51 (27.9%) | |
| Hemochromatosis | 3 (5.8%) | 8 (4.4%) | |
| NASH | 11 (21.2%) | 19 (10.4%) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Steatosis (n [%]) | |||
| Absent | 31 (59.6%) | 121 (67.2%) | 0.31 |
| Present | 21 (40.4%) | 59 (32.8%) | |
| MRI quantification (%) | 6% ± 5.6 | 4.6% ± 4.3 | 0.12 |
| Child‐Pugh class | |||
| A5 | 46 (88.5%) | 149 (81.4%) | 0.3 |
| A6 | 4 (7.7%) | 29 (15.9%) | |
| B7 | 2 (3.8%) | 5 (2.7%) | |
| MELD score (mean ± SD) | 8.2 ± 1.9 | 9 ± 2.3 | 0.014 |
| Laboratory data (mean ± SD) | |||
| AFP (ng/mL) | 9.4 ± 13.5 | 44.7 ± 186.6 | 0.019 |
| AFP > 100 ng/mL (n [%]) | 0 | 13 (8.2%) | 0.044 |
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 11.9 ± 5.6 | 14 ± 9.1 | 0.035 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.7 ± 5 | 39.9 ± 4.7 | 0.035 |
| Prothrombin activity (%) | 87.3 ± 11.1 | 84.4 ± 13.1 | 0.11 |
| AST (UI/mL) | 41 ± 38 | 38 ± 23 | 0.61 |
| ALT (UI/mL) | 34 ± 32 | 33 ± 31 | 0.77 |
| GGT (UI/mL) | 189 ± 204 | 155 ± 171 | 0.28 |
| Platelet count (103/mm3) | 139 ± 66 | 136 ± 74 | 0.76 |
| Neutrophils (103/mm3) | 3.65 ± 1.48 | 3.31 ± 1.32 | 0.15 |
| Lymphocytes (103/mm3) | 1.58 ± 0.77 | 1.62 ± 1.21 | 0.78 |
| Monocytes (103/mm3) | 0.51 ± 0.22 | 0.64 ± 0.22 | 0.34 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 79.8 ± 24.9 | 83 ± 28.7 | 0.44 |
| ALBI score | |||
| 1 | 34 (69.4%) | 113 (64.9%) | 0.56 |
| 2 | 15 (30.6%) | 61 (35.1%) | |
| HCC | |||
| Tumor size (mean ± SD) | 16.3 ± 5 | 16.3 ± 5.5 | 0.98 |
| <20 mm | 44 (84.6%) | 149 (81.4%) | 0.6 |
| >20 mm | 8 (15.4%) | 34 (18.6%) | |
| No. of nodules per patient (n [%]) | |||
| 1 | 46 (88.5%) | 132 (72.1%) | 0.017 |
| >1 | 6 (11.5%) | 51 (27.9%) | |
| Dome location (n [%]) | 10 (19.2%) | 47 (25.7%) | 0.34 |
| Subcapsular location (n [%]) | 15 (28.9%) | 72 (39.3%) | 0.17 |
| Near large vessel (n [%]) | 16 (30.8%) | 37 (20.2%) | 0.11 |
| Near surrounding organ (n [%]) | 7 (10.6%) | 27 (7.7%) | 0.43 |
| PTA | |||
| PTA modality (n [%]) | |||
| Radiofrequency | 26 (50%) | 77 (42%) | 0.31 |
| Microwave | 26 (50%) | 106 (57.9%) | |
| Imaging guidance (n [%]) | |||
| Ultrasonography guidance | 33 (63.5%) | 93 (50.8%) | 0.11 |
| CT guidance | 19 (36.5%) | 90 (49.2%) |
Unless otherwise indicated, results are presented as numbers (percentages).
Significant P values are indicated in bold.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma‐glutamyltransferase.